हृदय

Hindi

हृदय

Alternative forms

हृदा (hŕdā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛ́daya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. Doublet of दिल (dil) and हिया (hiyā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, /ɦɪɾ.d̪əj/

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی‎)

(anatomy) heart
रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।
rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.
The patient's heart is still beating.

मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।
merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.
My father has a very weak heart.

उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया।
uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.
His speech touched my heart.

Declension

Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	हृदय hŕday	हृदय hŕday
oblique	हृदय hŕday	हृदयों hŕdayõ
vocative	हृदय hŕday	हृदयो hŕdayo

Synonyms

दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)

Derived terms

हृदयाघात (hŕdyāghāt, “heart attack”)
हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
हृदयग्राही (hŕdyagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

हृदय

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Compare with Old Marathi हृदा (hṛdā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɦɾu.d̪əj/

Noun

हृदय • (hruday) n

(anatomy) heart
Synonym: काळीज (kāḷīj)

Declension

Declension of हृदय (hruday)
direct singular	हृदय hruday
direct plural	हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hrudaya
	singular	plural
nominative	हृदय hruday	हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hrudaya
oblique	हृदया- hrudayā-	हृदयां- hrudayāN-
dative	हृदयाला hrudayālā	हृदयांना hrudayāNnā
ergative	हृदयाने hrudayāne	हृदयांनी hrudayāNni
instrumental	हृदयाशी hrudayāśi	हृदयांशी hrudayāNśi
locative	हृदयात hrudayāt	हृदयांत hrudayāNt
vocative	हृदया hrudayā	हृदयांनो hrudayāNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of हृदय
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular^*	plural
singular subject	हृदयाचा hrudayāċā	हृदयाचे hrudayāce	हृदयाची hrudayāci	हृदयाच्या hrudayāca	हृदयाचे, हृदयाचं hrudayāce, hrudayāċa	हृदयाची hrudayāci	हृदयाच्या hrudayāca
plural subject	हृदयांचा hrudayāNċā	हृदयांचे hrudayāNce	हृदयांची hrudayāNci	हृदयांच्या hrudayāNca	हृदयांचे, हृदयांचं hrudayāNce, hrudayāNċa	हृदयांची hrudayāNci	हृदयांच्या hrudayāNca
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

हृदय विकाराचा झटका (hruday vikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
हृदयहीन (hrudayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)

Nepali

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾid̪ʌe]

Phonetic Devanagari: रिदए

Noun

हृदय • (hr̥daya)

heart

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (Balinese script)
হৃদয় (Assamese script)
হৃদয় (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰴𑰟𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀾𑀤𑀬 (Brahmi script)
𑌹𑍃𑌦𑌯 (Grantha script)
હૃદય (Gujarati script)
ਹ੍ਹਦਯ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (Javanese script)
ហ្ឫទយ (Khmer script)
ಹೃದಯ (Kannada script)
ຫ຺ຣິທຍ (Lao script)
ഹൃദയ (Malayalam script)
𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘧 (Modi script)
ᠾᠷᢈᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᡥᡵᡳᡩᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
ဟၖဒယ (Burmese script)
𑧎𑧖𑦿𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐺𑐡𑐫 (Newa script)
ହୃଦଯ (Oriya script)
ꢲꢺꢣꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆸𑆢𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖴𑖟𑖧 (Siddham script)
හෘදය (Sinhalese script)
హృదయ (Telugu script)
หฺฤทย (Thai script)
ཧྲྀ་ད་ཡ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒵𑒠𑒨 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛‎ (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdìs; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦŕ̩.dɐ.jɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/

Noun

हृदय • (hṛ́daya) n

the heart
- RV 6.53.8c
  यां पूषन्ब्रह्मचोदनीमारां बिभर्ष्याघृणे।
  तया समस्य हृदयमा रिख किकिरा कृणु॥
  yāṃ pūṣanbrahmacodanīmārāṃ bibharṣyāghṛṇe.
  tayā samasya hṛdayamā rikha kikirā kṛṇu.
  Thou, glowing Pūṣan, carriest an awl that urgeth men to prayer;
  Therewith dost thou tear up and rend to shreds the heart of every one.
soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
- RV 6.9.6b
  वि मे कर्णा पतयतो वि चक्षुर्वीदं ज्योतिर्हृदय आहितं यत्।
  वि मे मनश्चरति दूरआधीः किं स्विद्वक्ष्यामि किमु नू मनिष्ये॥
  vi me karṇā patayato vi cakṣurvīdaṃ jyotirhṛdaya āhitaṃ yat.
  vi me manaścarati dūraādhīḥ kiṃ svidvakṣyāmi kimu nū maniṣye.
  Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
  Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?
the heart or interior of the body
(figuratively) the heart, center, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything
(figuratively) true or divine knowledge
(figuratively) the Vedas
(figuratively) science

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛ́daya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Vocative	हृदय hṛ́daya	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Accusative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Instrumental	हृदयेन hṛ́dayena	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛ́dayaiḥ / hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹
Dative	हृदयाय hṛ́dayāya	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयात् hṛ́dayāt	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयस्य hṛ́dayasya	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛ́dayānām
Locative	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयेषु hṛ́dayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
- Assamese: হিয়া (hia)
- Bengali: হিয়া (hiẏa)
- Hindi: हिया (hiyā)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩‎ (hidaya)
→ Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
Pali: hadaya
- → Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
- → Thai: หทัย
Punjabi: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā), ਹੀਆ (hīā)
Romani: ilo
→ Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy)
→ Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ)
→ Hindi: हृदय (hŕday), हृदा (hŕdā)
→ Marathi: हृदय (hruday)
→ Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)
→ Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
→ Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)

Adjective

हृदय • (hṛ́daya)

going to the heart
1. (by extension) inward

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)
Gen. sg.	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयान् (hṛdayān)
Instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
Dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदया (hṛdayā)
Gen. sg.	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदया (hṛdayā)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Vocative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Accusative	हृदयाम् (hṛdayām)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Instrumental	हृदयया (hṛdayayā)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ)
Dative	हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)
Gen. sg.	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
Dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)

References

“हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
Monier Williams (1899), “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818

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हृदय

Hindi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Marathi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Nepali

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Adjective

Declension

References