ὄπιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ὀπός (opós, “juice”) +‎ -ῐον (-ion)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ó.pi.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pi.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pi.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pi.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pi.on/

Noun

ὄπῐον • (ópion) n (genitive ὀπῐ́ου); second declension

poppy juice, opium

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ ὄπῐον; τοῦ ὀπῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὄπῐον tò ópion	τὼ ὀπῐ́ω tṑ opíō	τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ tà ópia
Genitive	τοῦ ὀπῐ́ου toû opíou	τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν toîn opíoin	τῶν ὀπῐ́ων tôn opíōn
Dative	τῷ ὀπῐ́ῳ tôi opíōi	τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν toîn opíoin	τοῖς ὀπῐ́οις toîs opíois
Accusative	τὸ ὄπῐον tò ópion	τὼ ὀπῐ́ω tṑ opíō	τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ tà ópia
Vocative	ὄπῐον ópion	ὀπῐ́ω opíō	ὄπῐᾰ ópia
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: opium, opion
- → Catalan: opi
- → Czech: opium
- → English: opium
- → French: opium
- → German: Opium
- → Italian: oppio
- → Middle Dutch: opium
  - Dutch: opium
    - Afrikaans: opium
    - → Indonesian: opium
    - → West Frisian: opium
- → Russian: о́пиум (ópium)
- → Spanish: opio
→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (apiyōn)
- Persian: اپیون‎ (apiyôn), هپیون‎ (hapiyōn)
- → Arabic: أَفْيُون‎ (ʔafyūn), أَبْيُون‎ (ʔabyūn)
  - → Chinese: 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)
  - → Kurdish
    Northern Kurdish: afyon, efyon
  - → Middle Armenian: աֆիօն (afiōn), աֆիոն (afion)
  - → Indonesian: apiun
  - → Madurese: ꦲꦕ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀
  - → Old French: affion
  - → Ottoman Turkish: آفیون‎ (afyon)
    - Turkish: afyon
      - → Hungarian: áfium
      - → Macedonian: афион (afion)
      - → Serbo-Croatian: афѝо̄н / afìōn
      - → Romanian: afion
  - → Persian: افیون‎ (afyun), اپیون‎ (apiyôn), ابیون‎ (abyūn), هپیون‎ (hapiyōn), هبیون‎ (habyūn)
    - → Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm)
  - → Spanish: anfión
  - → Sundanese: apiun
  - → Swahili: afyuni
  - → Uzbek: afyun
- → Georgian: აფიონი (apioni), აფთიონი (aptioni)
- → Old Armenian: ափիոն (apʿion)
  - Middle Armenian: ափիոն (apʿion), աբիոն (abion)
    - Armenian: ափիոն (apʿion)
→ Sanskrit: अफेन (aphena)

References

“ὄπιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ὄπιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “ափիոն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 365a
Ḥasandūst, Moḥammad (Winter 1997), “دربارهٔ چند لغتِ یونانیِ دخیل در زبان فارسی [On several Greek loanwords in Persian]”, in The Quarterly Journal of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature [Name-ye Farhangestan]‎, volume 8, archived from the original on 2013-10-19, page 92

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