お腹が空く
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 腹 | 空 |
| なか Grade: 6 |
す Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| お腹がすく お中が空く (uncommon) 御中が空く (uncommon) |
Etymology
Phrase composed of お腹 (onaka, “belly, stomach”) + が (ga, subject particle) + 空く (suku, “to become empty”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [o̞na̠ka̠ ɡa̠ sɨ̥ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
お腹が空く • (onaka ga suku) godan (stem お腹が空き (onaka ga suki), past お腹が空いた (onaka ga suita))
- to become hungry
Usage notes
Most often encountered in the perfective form, as お腹が空いた (onaka ga suita, literally “[my] belly has become empty”, used idiomatically to mean “[I] am hungry”).
Often found in reference materials with onaka spelled as 御中 or お中 instead; see those entries for details. The spelling お腹 is used more often for this hungry sense.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "お腹が空く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | お腹が空か | おなかがすか | onaka ga suka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | お腹が空き | おなかがすき | onaka ga suki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | お腹が空く | おなかがすく | onaka ga suku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | お腹が空く | おなかがすく | onaka ga suku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | お腹が空け | おなかがすけ | onaka ga suke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | お腹が空け | おなかがすけ | onaka ga suke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | お腹が空かれる | おなかがすかれる | onaka ga sukareru |
| Causative | お腹が空かせる お腹が空かす |
おなかがすかせる おなかがすかす |
onaka ga sukaseru onaka ga sukasu |
| Potential | お腹が空ける | おなかがすける | onaka ga sukeru |
| Volitional | お腹が空こう | おなかがすこう | onaka ga sukō |
| Negative | お腹が空かない | おなかがすかない | onaka ga sukanai |
| Negative continuative | お腹が空かず | おなかがすかず | onaka ga sukazu |
| Formal | お腹が空きます | おなかがすきます | onaka ga sukimasu |
| Perfective | お腹が空いた | おなかがすいた | onaka ga suita |
| Conjunctive | お腹が空いて | おなかがすいて | onaka ga suite |
| Hypothetical conditional | お腹が空けば | おなかがすけば | onaka ga sukeba |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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