びる

Japanese

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.[1]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Needs reference to older form ぶ, likely connection to む, and possibly even 見る”)

Suffix

びる • (biru) ichidan (stem び (bi), past びた (bita))

  1. (non-productive) to act like (something); to act (in a certain manner)
    古(ふる)い (furui, “old”) → 古(ふる)びる (furubiru, “to become old”)
    大人(おとな) (otona, “adult”) → 大人(おとな)びる (otonabiru, “to act like an adult”)
Usage notes
  • Some verbs with this suffix irregularly evolved to godan verbs.
    真似(まな) (mana, “imitation”, ancient bound form) → 学(まな)ぶ (manabu, “to learn”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") び bi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") び bi
Shūshikei ("terminal") びる biru
Rentaikei ("attributive") びる biru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") びれ bire
Meireikei ("imperative") びよ¹
びろ²		 biyo¹
biro²
Key constructions
Passive びられる birareru
Causative びさせる
びさす		 bisaseru
bisasu
Potential びられる
びれる³		 birareru
bireru³
Volitional びよう biyō
Negative びない
びぬ
びん		 binai
binu
bin
Negative continuative びず bizu
Formal びます bimasu
Perfective びた bita
Conjunctive びて bite
Hypothetical conditional びれば bireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) びbi
Continuative (連用形) びbi
Terminal (終止形) ぶbu
Attributive (連体形) ぶるburu
Realis (已然形) ぶれbure
Imperative (命令形) びよbiyo
Key constructions
Negative びずbizu
Contrasting conjunction ぶれどburedo
Causal conjunction ぶればbureba
Conditional conjunction びばbiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) びきbiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) びけりbikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) びつbitu
Perfect tense (natural event) びぬbinu
Perfect-continuative tense びたりbitari
Volitional びむbimu

References
  1. “びる”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of びる – see ビル.
(This term, びる, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: ビル.)

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