下方

Chinese

 
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
 
square; quadrilateral; place
square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
simp. and trad.
(下方)
下 方

Pronunciation


Noun

下方

  1. lower part; area below; place below; (anatomy) inferior part
    請點擊下方按鈕。/请点击下方按钮。  ―  Qǐng diǎnjī xiàfāng ànniǔ.  ―  Please click the button below.
  2. Synonym of 方棋 (fāngqí).

Antonyms

  • (lower part): 上方 (shàngfāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (下方):
  • → Japanese: 下(か)方(ほう) (kahō)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
下 方
か
Grade: 1
ほう
Grade: 2
kan’on

/ka pau/ → /kaɸau/ → /kaɸɔː/ → /kahoː/

From Middle Chinese 下方 (MC ɦˠaX pʉɐŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) かほー [kàhóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ho̞ː]

Noun

下(か)方(ほう) • (kahō) ←かはう (kafau)?

  1. the lower part; an area below, downward
    予(よ)想(そう)を下(か)方(ほう)に修(しゅう)正(せい)する ― yosō o kahō ni shūsei suru ― revise expectations downward
    Antonym: 上方 (jōhō)
Derived terms
  • 下(か)方(ほう)修(しゅ)正(うせい) (kahō shuusei)
  • 下(か)方(ほう)伸(しん)張(ちょう) (kahō shinchō)
  • 下(か)方(ほう)制(せい)御(ぎょ) (kahō seigyo)
  • 下(か)方(ほう)置(ち)換(かん) (kahō chikan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
下 方
した
Grade: 1
かた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Kanji in this term
下 方
した
Grade: 1
かた > がた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 方 (kata, “person”).

Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) したかた [shìtákátá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕita̠ka̠ta̠]

Noun

下(した)方(かた) or 下(した)方(がた) • (shitakata or shitagata) 

  1. a low rank, subordinate

Proper noun

下(した)方(かた) • (Shitakata) 

  1. a placename

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
下 方
しも
Grade: 1
かた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Kanji in this term
下 方
しも
Grade: 1
かた > がた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 下 (shimo, “lower”) +‎ 方 (kata, “person”).

Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しも​かた [shìmóꜜkàtà] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ɕimo̞ka̠ta̠]

Noun

下(しも)方(かた) or 下(しも)方(がた) • (shimokata or shimogata) 

  1. a low rank, subordinate

Proper noun

下(しも)方(かた) • (Shimokata) 

  1. a placename
  2. a surname

下(しも)方(がた) • (Shimogata) 

  1. a placename

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
下 方
した
Grade: 1
さま > ざま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi irregular

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 方 (sama, “appearance, style”).

The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

下(した)方(ざま) • (shitazama) 

  1. Synonym of 下様 (shimozama): a low rank, subordinate
    Antonym: 上方 (uezama)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

From 下 (sita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 邊 (-pe1, “location, direction”).

Noun

下方 (sitape1) (kana したへ)

  1. the land of the dead, underworld
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 905), text here
      和可家禮婆道行之良士末比波世武之多敞乃使於比弖登保良世
      wakake1reba mi1tiyuki1 sirazi mapi1 pa semu sitape1 no2 tukapi1 opi1te to2porase
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonyms: 根の國 (ne no2 kuni), 黃泉 (yo2mi2)

Descendants

  • Japanese: 下方 (shitahe), in modern Japanese dictionaries
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