僧伽

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (僧伽)		僧	伽

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha, “collection, multitude, crowd, community, association”) or Pali sangha. (Dassanayake, 2021) Tibetan equivalent is དགེ་འདུན (dge 'dun).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sēngqié, sēngjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄥㄑㄧㄝˊ, ㄙㄥㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹ ke⁴, sang¹ ke⁴
Min Nan (POJ): cheng-ka

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sēngqié
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄥㄑㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sengcié
  - Wade–Giles: sêng¹-chʻieh²
  - Yale: sēng-chyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sengchye
  - Palladius: сэнце (sɛnce)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰjɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common nonstandard variant)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sēngjiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄥㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sengjia
  - Wade–Giles: sêng¹-chia¹
  - Yale: sēng-jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sengjia
  - Palladius: сэнцзя (sɛnczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕjä⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    僧伽
    僧家
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zang¹ ke⁴, sang¹ ke⁴
  - Yale: jāng kèh, sāng kèh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹ ke⁴, sang¹ ke⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹ ké⁴, seng¹ ké⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-ka
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengkaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³ ka³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /səŋ ɡɨɑ/

Rime
Character	僧	伽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇增切	求迦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/səŋ/	/ɡɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/səŋ/	/ɡiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/səŋ/	/ɡiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səŋ/	/gɨa/
Li Rong	/səŋ/	/ɡiɑ/
Wang Li	/səŋ/	/ɡǐɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/səŋ/	/gi̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sēng	qié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang¹	ke⁴

Noun

僧伽

(Buddhism) sangha; Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices and laity

Derived terms

僧 (sēng, “monk, bonze”)
僧伽多

僧伽藍／僧伽蓝

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (僧伽):

→ Japanese: 僧伽(そうぎゃ) (sōgya)
→ Korean: 승가(僧伽) (seungga)
→ Vietnamese: tăng già (僧伽)

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