加工

Chinese

		to add; plus	work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labor
simp. and trad. (加工)		加	工

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāgōng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ gung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-kûng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ka-kang / kee-kang

(Teochew, Peng'im): gia¹ gang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāgōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiagong
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-kung¹
  - Yale: jyā-gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiagong
  - Palladius: цзягун (czjagun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    加工
    夾攻／夹攻
    家公
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ gung¹
  - Yale: gā gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    加工
    家公
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-kûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga´ gung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-kang
  - Tâi-lô: ka-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ka'kafng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ kaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
  - Tâi-lô: kee-kang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gia¹ gang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

Verb

加工

to process (to perform mechanical or chemical operations)
to polish (to improve; to refine)

Noun

加工

processing (of a mechanical or chemical nature)
材料加工工程 ― cáiliào jiāgōng gōngchéng ― material processing engineering

農產品加工／农产品加工 ― nóngchǎnpǐn jiāgōng ― processing of agricultural products
working (of machinery)

Adjective

加工

(attributive) processed
加工食品 ― jiāgōng shípǐn ― processed food

Antonyms

純天然／纯天然 (chúntiānrán)
無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)

Derived terms

加工水 (jiāgōngshuǐ)
精加工
加工廠／加工厂 (jiāgōngchǎng)

加工機／加工机 (jiāgōngjī)
無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (POJ): ke-kang / kee-kang

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke-kang
  - Tâi-lô: ke-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ke'kafng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ke⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³ kaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
  - Tâi-lô: kee-kang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

Verb

加工

(Min Nan) to waste one's energy

Japanese

Kanji in this term
加	工
か Grade: 4	こう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かこー [kàkóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ko̞ː]

Noun

加(か)工(こう) • (kakō)

Verb

加(か)工(こう)する • (kakō suru) transitive suru (stem 加(か)工(こう)し (kakō shi), past 加(か)工(こう)した (kakō shita))

Conjugation

Conjugation of "加工する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	加工し	かこうし	kakō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	加工し	かこうし	kakō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	加工する	かこうする	kakō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	加工する	かこうする	kakō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	加工すれ	かこうすれ	kakō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	加工せよ¹ 加工しろ²	かこうせよ¹ かこうしろ²	kakō seyo¹ kakō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	加工される	かこうされる	kakō sareru
Causative	加工させる加工さす	かこうさせるかこうさす	kakō saseru kakō sasu
Potential	加工できる	かこうできる	kakō dekiru
Volitional	加工しよう	かこうしよう	kakō shiyō
Negative	加工しない	かこうしない	kakō shinai
Negative continuative	加工せず	かこうせず	kakō sezu
Formal	加工します	かこうします	kakō shimasu
Perfective	加工した	かこうした	kakō shita
Conjunctive	加工して	かこうして	kakō shite
Hypothetical conditional	加工すれば	かこうすれば	kakō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
加	工

Noun

加工 • (gagong) (hangeul 가공)

Hanja form^? of 가공 (“processing; treatment; improvement”).

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