司る

Japanese
Kanji in this term
司
つかさど
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
掌る

Etymology

Compound of 官 (tsukasa, “position of authority”) +‎ 取る (toru, “to take”).[1][2] The toru changes to doru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つかさど​る [tsùkásádóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[2][3][4]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨ̥ᵝka̠sa̠do̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "司る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 司る つかさど​る [tsùkásádóꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 司れ つかさど​れ [tsùkásádóꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 司られる つかさどられ​る [tsùkásádóráréꜜrù]
Causative 司らせる つかさどらせ​る [tsùkásádóráséꜜrù]
Potential 司れる つかさどれ​る [tsùkásádóréꜜrù]
Volitional 司ろう つかさどろ​ー [tsùkásádóróꜜò]
Negative 司らない つかさどら​ない [tsùkásádóráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 司らなかった つかさどら​なかった [tsùkásádóráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 司ります つかさどりま​す [tsùkásádórímáꜜsù]
Perfective 司った つかさど​った [tsùkásádóꜜttà]
Conjunctive 司って つかさど​って [tsùkásádóꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 司れば つかさど​れば [tsùkásádóꜜrèbà]

Verb

司(つかさど)る • (tsukasadoru) transitive godan (stem 司(つかさど)り (tsukasadori), past 司(つかさど)った (tsukasadotta))

  1. To manage or be in charge of a role or job, in a position of responsibility.
    会(かい)計(けい)事(じ)務(む)を司(つかさど)る者(もの)
    kaikei jimu o tsukasadoru mono
    the person in charge of or responsible for the accounting work
  2. To rule, control, or administer people or things, from a position of authority.
    生(せい)死(し)を司(つかさど)る神(かみ)
    seishi o tsukasadoru kami
    the god controlling life and death
  3. (biology) To carry out a role, to serve a function, as done by an organ of the body.
    呼(こ)吸(きゅう)を司(つかさど)る臓(ぞう)器(き)は肺(はい)です。
    Kokyū o tsukasadoru zōki wa hai desu.
    The organ that handles breathing is the lungs.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "司る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 司ら つかさどら tsukasadora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 司り つかさどり tsukasadori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 司る つかさどる tsukasadoru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 司る つかさどる tsukasadoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 司れ つかさどれ tsukasadore
Meireikei ("imperative") 司れ つかさどれ tsukasadore
Key constructions
Passive 司られる つかさどられる tsukasadorareru
Causative 司らせる
司らす		 つかさどらせる
つかさどらす		 tsukasadoraseru
tsukasadorasu
Potential 司れる つかさどれる tsukasadoreru
Volitional 司ろう つかさどろう tsukasadorō
Negative 司らない つかさどらない tsukasadoranai
Negative continuative 司らず つかさどらず tsukasadorazu
Formal 司ります つかさどります tsukasadorimasu
Perfective 司った つかさどった tsukasadotta
Conjunctive 司って つかさどって tsukasadotte
Hypothetical conditional 司れば つかさどれば tsukasadoreba

Synonyms

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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