咀嚼

Chinese
chew to chew
simp. and trad.
(咀嚼)		 咀 嚼

Pronunciation

Verb

咀嚼

  1. to chew; to masticate
  2. to think over; to mull over; to ponder; to ruminate
  3. (archaic) to enunciate clearly
  4. (archaic) to curse; to imprecate

Usage notes

In the term 咀嚼 (jǔjué), the character 嚼 (jiáo) is pronounced jué; however, when used as a character by itself (meaning "to chew"), 嚼 (jiáo) is pronounced jiáo.

Synonyms
  • (to chew, to think over): 咬嚼 (yǎojué)

Derived terms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
咀 嚼
そ
Hyōgaiji		 しゃく
Hyōgaiji
kan’yōon kan’on

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) そしゃく [sòshákú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [so̞ɕa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく) • (soshaku) 

  1. (physiology) mastication
  2. digestion, understanding

Derived terms

Verb

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)する • (soshaku suru) transitive suru (stem 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)し (soshaku shi), past 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)した (soshaku shita))

  1. (physiology) masticate
  2. digest, understand

Conjugation
Conjugation of "咀嚼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 咀嚼し そしゃくし soshaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 咀嚼し そしゃくし soshaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 咀嚼する そしゃくする soshaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 咀嚼する そしゃくする soshaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 咀嚼すれ そしゃくすれ soshaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 咀嚼せよ¹
咀嚼しろ²		 そしゃくせよ¹
そしゃくしろ²		 soshaku seyo¹
soshaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 咀嚼される そしゃくされる soshaku sareru
Causative 咀嚼させる
咀嚼さす		 そしゃくさせる
そしゃくさす		 soshaku saseru
soshaku sasu
Potential 咀嚼できる そしゃくできる soshaku dekiru
Volitional 咀嚼しよう そしゃくしよう soshaku shiyō
Negative 咀嚼しない そしゃくしない soshaku shinai
Negative continuative 咀嚼せず そしゃくせず soshaku sezu
Formal 咀嚼します そしゃくします soshaku shimasu
Perfective 咀嚼した そしゃくした soshaku shita
Conjunctive 咀嚼して そしゃくして soshaku shite
Hypothetical conditional 咀嚼すれば そしゃくすれば soshaku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
咀嚼

Noun

咀嚼 • (jeojak) (hangeul 저작)

  1. Hanja form? of 저작 (“mastication”).
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