嘆く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
嘆
なげ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
嘆く (kyūjitai)
歎く

Etymology

From Old Japanese 嘆く (nage2ku, “to sigh; to grieve over; to lament”, consider one phonetic man'yōgana form 奈氣久 (MC nɑH kʰɨiH kɨuX)[1]). In turn, verbalized from noun 嘆き (nage2ki1, “sigh; lament”), derived as a compound of 長 (naga, “long”) + 息 (iki1, “breath”).[2][3][4]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) なげ​く [nàgéꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])[4]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ɡe̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "嘆く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 嘆く なげ​く [nàgéꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 嘆け なげ​け [nàgéꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 嘆かれる なげかれ​る [nàgékáréꜜrù]
Causative 嘆かせる なげかせ​る [nàgékáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 嘆こう なげこ​ー [nàgékóꜜò]
Negative 嘆かない なげか​ない [nàgékáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 嘆かなかった なげか​なかった [nàgékáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 嘆きます なげきま​す [nàgékímáꜜsù]
Perfective 嘆いた なげ​いた [nàgéꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 嘆いて なげ​いて [nàgéꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 嘆けば なげ​けば [nàgéꜜkèbà]

Verb

嘆(なげ)く • (nageku) intransitive godan (stem 嘆(なげ)き (nageki), past 嘆(なげ)いた (nageita))

  1. to mourn, to lament
  2. to sigh

Conjugation
Conjugation of "嘆く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 嘆か なげか nageka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 嘆き なげき nageki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 嘆く なげく nageku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 嘆く なげく nageku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 嘆け なげけ nageke
Meireikei ("imperative") 嘆け なげけ nageke
Key constructions
Passive 嘆かれる なげかれる nagekareru
Causative 嘆かせる
嘆かす		 なげかせる
なげかす		 nagekaseru
nagekasu
Potential 嘆ける なげける nagekeru
Volitional 嘆こう なげこう nagekō
Negative 嘆かない なげかない nagekanai
Negative continuative 嘆かず なげかず nagekazu
Formal 嘆きます なげきます nagekimasu
Perfective 嘆いた なげいた nageita
Conjunctive 嘆いて なげいて nageite
Hypothetical conditional 嘆けば なげけば nagekeba

References
  1. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4101), text online here
  2. 嘆き／歎き(ナゲキ)とは - コトバンク‎, accessed 2019-01-22
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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