團練

Chinese

		regiment; round; circular regiment; round; circular; group; society	to practice; to train; to perfect (one's skill) to practice; to train; to perfect (one's skill); to drill
trad. (團練)		團	練
simp. (团练)		团	练
anagram		練團／练团

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuánliàn

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuánliàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuánliàn
  - Wade–Giles: tʻuan²-lien⁴
  - Yale: twán-lyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twanliann
  - Palladius: туаньлянь (tuanʹljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰwän³⁵ ljɛn⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /duɑn len^H/

Rime
Character	團	練
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	度官切	郎甸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duɑn/	/len^H/
Pan Wuyun	/dʷɑn/	/len^H/
Shao Rongfen	/duɑn/	/lɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwan/	/lɛn^H/
Li Rong	/duɑn/	/len^H/
Wang Li	/duɑn/	/lien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuɑn/	/lien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuán	liàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tyun⁴	lin⁶

Noun

團練

(historical, military) local militia (paramilitary organization under government supervision)
黃州團練副使／黄州团练副使 ― Huángzhōu tuánliàn fùshǐ ― sublieutenant of Huangzhou militia (Su Shi)

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