墊

See also: 垫

墊	U+588A, 墊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-588A

← 墉
[U+5889]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墋 →
[U+588B]

Translingual

Han character

墊 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土戈土 (GIG), four-corner 4510₄, composition ⿱執土)

References

KangXi: page 237, character 30

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5420

Dae Jaweon: page 476, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 477, character 8

Unihan data for U+588A

Chinese

trad.		墊
simp.		垫
alternative forms		㞟 “to pay in advance”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (執) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
騺	*tibs
摯	*tjibs
贄	*tjibs
鷙	*tjibs
墊	tiːms, diːb
慹	tjeb, ndiːb, sdib, tjib
謺	*tjeb
褺	*diːb
蓻	*stib
縶	*tib
漐	*tʰib
蟄	*dib
執	*tjib
瓡	*tjib

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

Etymology

"to pay in advance"

Replaced 㞟 (diàn).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “zin3 from 荐?”)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zin³, din³, din^3-2, zin^3-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiap / tiap
Min Dong (BUC): dâing
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tiàm / tiān / tiām / tiàn / thiām

(Teochew, Peng'im): diêng⁶ / diang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diànr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diànr
  - Wade–Giles: tianrh⁴
  - Yale: dyànr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diall
  - Palladius: дяnр (djanr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zin³, din³, din^3-2, zin^3-2
  - Yale: jin, din, dín, jín
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzin³, din³, din^3-2, dzin^3-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: jin³, din³, din^3-2, jin^3-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːn³³/, /tiːn³³/, /tiːn³³⁻³⁵/, /t͡siːn³³⁻³⁵/

Note:

din3 - literary;
zin3 - vernacular;.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiap / tiap
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiab` / diab`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiab⁵ ⁴ / ⁴ diab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯ap̚²/, /⁵⁵ ti̯ap̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dâing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taiŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm
  - Tâi-lô: tiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
  - Tâi-lô: tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
  - Tâi-lô: tiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàn
  - Tâi-lô: tiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diexn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiām
  - Tâi-lô: thiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiam²²/

Note:

tiàm - literary;
tiān/tiām/tiàn/thiām - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diêng⁶ / diang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiĕng / tiăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieŋ³⁵/, /tiaŋ³⁵/

Definitions

墊

pad; cushion; mat
to put something under something else to raise or balance it
用嚟墊煲底／用嚟垫煲底 [Cantonese] ― jung⁶ lai⁴ zin³ bou¹ dai² [Jyutping] ― to use as a mat for a pot
to fill up something; to insert something
(Min Nan) to sow

Synonyms

(pad): 墊子／垫子 (diànzi)

Compounds

坐墊／坐垫 (zuòdiàn)
墊上運動／垫上运动
墊圈／垫圈 (diànquān)
墊圈兒／垫圈儿
墊場／垫场 (diànchǎng)
墊子／垫子 (diànzi)
墊平／垫平
墊底／垫底 (diàndǐ)
墊底兒／垫底儿
墊戲／垫戏
墊板／垫板

墊肩／垫肩 (diànjiān)
墊背／垫背 (diànbèi)
墊脚石／垫脚石
墊腳／垫脚
墊腳石／垫脚石 (diànjiǎoshí)
墊褥／垫褥
墊高／垫高
封墊／封垫
床墊／床垫 (chuángdiàn)
拜墊／拜垫

杯墊／杯垫 (bēidiàn)
桌墊／桌垫
椅墊／椅垫 (yǐdiàn)
檯墊／台垫
氣墊船／气垫船 (qìdiànchuán)
襯墊／衬垫
針墊／针垫
鞋墊／鞋垫 (xiédiàn)
鞋墊仔／鞋垫仔
餐墊／餐垫 (cāndiàn)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: din⁶
  - Yale: dihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: din⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/

Definitions

墊

to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody

Synonyms

墊付／垫付 (diànfù)

Compounds

墊不起／垫不起
墊付／垫付 (diànfù)
墊支／垫支 (diànzhī)

墊款／垫款
墊用／垫用
墊補／垫补 (diànbu)

墊話／垫话
墊財／垫财
墊錢／垫钱

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dim³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dim³
  - Yale: dim
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dim³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dim³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːm³³/

Middle Chinese: /temH/

Rime
Character	墊
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都念切
Baxter	temH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tem^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tem^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛm^H/
Li Rong	/tem^H/
Wang Li	/tiem^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tiem^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤ[i]m-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墊
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ˁ[i]m-s/
English	descend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墊
Reading #	1/2
No.	17279
Phonetic component	執
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	店
Old Chinese	/*tiːms/

Definitions

墊

^† to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend

Compounds

墊没／垫没
墊溺／垫溺

墊裂／垫裂
墊陷／垫陷

昏墊／昏垫

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dié, diàn (die², dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ, ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dip⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dié
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dié
  - Wade–Giles: tieh²
  - Yale: dyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
  - Palladius: де (de)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dip⁶
  - Yale: dihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːp̚²/

Middle Chinese: /dep̚/

Rime
Character	墊
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	添 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒協切
Baxter	dep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛp̚/
Li Rong	/dep̚/
Wang Li	/diep̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dip⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤip/

(Zhengzhang): /*diːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墊
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dié
Middle Chinese	‹ tep ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ˁip/
English	(place in Sìchuān, no pre-Hàn text)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墊
Reading #	2/2
No.	17283
Phonetic component	執
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	牒
Old Chinese	/*diːb/

Definitions

墊

Only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng).

References

“墊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

墊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten), ちょう (chō), じょう (jō)
Kun: おちいる (ochiiru), おぼれる (oboreru), なやむ (nayamu)

Korean

Hanja

墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

墊: Hán Nôm readings: điếm

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