孤苦

Chinese

		lone; lonely	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (孤苦)		孤	苦
simp. ^#(孤苦)		孤	苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gūkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ fu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-khú
Min Nan (POJ): ko͘-khó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gūkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄎㄨˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gukuu
  - IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu¹ fu²
  - Yale: gū fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ fu²
  - IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-khú
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu´ ku`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ ku³
  - IPA: /ku²⁴ kʰu³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: koo-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ko'qor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adjective

孤苦

orphaned and wretched

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