小さい

Japanese

See also 小さな
Kanji in this term
小
ちい
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

/tipisasi/ → /tifisasi/ → /t͡ɕihisaɕi/ → /t͡ɕiːsaɕi/ → /t͡ɕiːsai/

Ultimate derivation uncertain.

The initial chi element appears in other words with similar meanings of small, such as ちょっと (chotto, “a little bit”, adverb), from ちっと (chitto), from even earlier ちと (chito).

Possibly related to ちび (chibi, “small and round”, often with overtones of cuteness), itself apparently derived from 粒 (tsubu, “small round thing”, such as a grain of rice).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "小さい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 小さく ち​いさく
ちいさ​く
[chíꜜìsàkù]
[chìísáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 小さい ちいさ​い [chìísáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 小さい ちいさ​い [chìísáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 小さくない ち​いさくない
ちいさ​くない
[chíꜜìsàkùnàì]
[chìísáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 小さかった ち​いさかった
ちいさ​かった
[chíꜜìsàkàttà]
[chìísáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 小さくなかった ち​いさくなかった
ちいさ​くなかった
[chíꜜìsàkùnàkàttà]
[chìísáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 小さいです ちいさ​いです [chìísáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 小さくて ち​いさくて
ちいさ​くて
[chíꜜìsàkùtè]
[chìísáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 小さければ ち​いさければ
ちいさ​ければ
[chíꜜìsàkèrèbà]
[chìísáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

小(ちい)さい • (chīsai) ←ちひさい (tifisai)? -i (adverbial 小(ちい)さく (chīsaku))

  1. (of size or amount) small, little, tiny
    • text
      教(きょう)師(し)は二(ふた)人(り)だ。大(おお)きい奴(やつ)と、小(ちい)さい奴(やつ)だ。
      Kyōshi wa futari da. Ōkii yatsu to, chīsai yatsu da.
      There were two teachers. A big one, and a little one.
  2. (of age) young, little

Usage notes

As an adjective directly modifying a noun, may be used largely interchangeably with 小さな (chīsana), the -na adjective form. In predicative use, only 小さい (chīsai) may be used: あれは*小さだ (are wa *chīsa da) is incorrect grammar.

Inflection

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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