帰る

See also: 歸る

Japanese
Kanji in this term
帰
かえ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
歸る (kyūjitai)
還る

Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kapyaru.

Cognate with 返る (kaeru, “to return”), by extension of returning to one's home.[1][2]

Compare 帰す (kaesu, “to send someone home”, transitive).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "帰る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 帰る か​える [káꜜèrù]
Imperative (命令形) 帰れ か​えれ [káꜜèrè]
Key constructions
Passive 帰られる かえられ​る [kàéráréꜜrù]
Causative 帰らせる かえらせ​る [kàéráséꜜrù]
Potential 帰れる かえれ​る [kàéréꜜrù]
Volitional 帰ろう かえろ​ー [kàéróꜜò]
Negative 帰らない かえら​ない [kàéráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 帰らなかった かえら​なかった [kàéráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 帰ります かえりま​す [kàérímáꜜsù]
Perfective 帰った か​えった [káꜜèttà]
Conjunctive 帰って か​えって [káꜜèttè]
Hypothetical conditional 帰れば か​えれば [káꜜèrèbà]

Verb

帰(かえ)る • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?intransitive godan (stem 帰(かえ)り (kaeri), past 帰(かえ)った (kaetta))

Japanese verb pair
active 帰(かえ)す
mediopassive 帰(かえ)る
  1. to go home, return
  2. to leave, walk away
  3. (baseball) to get to home plate

Conjugation
Conjugation of "帰る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 帰ら かえら kaera
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 帰り かえり kaeri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 帰る かえる kaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 帰る かえる kaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 帰れ かえれ kaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 帰れ かえれ kaere
Key constructions
Passive 帰られる かえられる kaerareru
Causative 帰らせる
帰らす		 かえらせる
かえらす		 kaeraseru
kaerasu
Potential 帰れる かえれる kaereru
Volitional 帰ろう かえろう kaerō
Negative 帰らない かえらない kaeranai
Negative continuative 帰らず かえらず kaerazu
Formal 帰ります かえります kaerimasu
Perfective 帰った かえった kaetta
Conjunctive 帰って かえって kaette
Hypothetical conditional 帰れば かえれば kaereba
Classical conjugation of "帰る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 帰らかへらkafera
Continuative (連用形) 帰りかへりkaferi
Terminal (終止形) 帰るかへるkaferu
Attributive (連体形) 帰るかへるkaferu
Realis (已然形) 帰れかへれkafere
Imperative (命令形) 帰れかへれkafere
Key constructions
Negative 帰らずかへらずkaferazu
Contrasting conjunction 帰れどかへれどkaferedo
Causal conjunction 帰ればかへればkafereba
Conditional conjunction 帰らばかへらばkaferaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 帰りきかへりきkaferiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 帰りけりかへりけりkaferikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 帰りつかへりつkaferitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 帰りぬかへりぬkaferinu
Perfect-continuative tense 帰れり
帰りたり		かへれり
かへりたり		kafereri
kaferitari
Volitional 帰らむかへらむkaferamu

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 帰(かえ)り (kaeri)
  • 帰(かえ)りなんいざ (kaerinan iza)
  • 帰(かえ)るさ (kaeru sa)
  • 帰(かえ)るさま (kaeru sama)
  • 帰(かえ)る朝(あした) (kaeru ashita)
  • 帰(かえ)る雁(かり) (kaeru kari)
  • 神(かみ)帰(かえり)月(づき), 神(かみ)帰(かえ)り月(づき) (kamikaeri-zuki)
  • 立(たち)帰(かえ)る, 立(た)ち帰(かえ)る (tachikaeru)
  • 燕(つばめ)帰(かえ)る (tsubame kaeru)
  • 鳥(とり)帰(かえ)る (tori kaeru)
  • 逃(にげ)帰(かえ)る, 逃(に)げ帰(かえ)る (nigekaeru)
  • 持(もち)帰(かえ)る, 持(も)ち帰(かえ)る (mochikaeru)
  • 行(ゆ)き帰(かえ)る (yukikaeru), 行(ゆ)き帰(がえ)る (yukigaeru)
  • 行(ゆ)くも帰(かえ)るもの関(せき) (Yuku-mo Kaeru-mo no Seki)
  • 蘇(よみがえ)る, 甦(よみがえ)る (yomigaeru, “to reincarnate”)

Idioms
Idioms
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ旅(たび) (kaeranu tabi, “never-returning journey” → “dying”)
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ人(ひと) (kaeranu hito, “person that never returns” → “a dead person”)
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ路(みち) (kaeranu michi, “never-returning road” → “dying”)
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ昔(むかし) (kaeranu mukashi, “never-returning past” → “unrepeatable past”)

Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 宝(たから)の山(やま)に入(い)りながら手(て)を空(むな)しくして帰(かえ)る (takara no yama ni irinagara te o munashikushite kaeru, “returning to a mountain of treasure in vain” → “missed opportunity”)
  • 錦(きん)衣(い)を着(き)て故(こ)郷(きょう)に帰(かえ)る (kin'i o kite kokyō ni kaeru, “wearing a brocade and going home” → “promoted and going home”)
  • 行(ゆ)きは良(よ)い良(よ)い帰(かえ)りは恐(こわ)い (yuki wa yoiyoi kaeri wa kowai, “going is easy but returning is hard or scary” → “no guarantees returning”)
  • 行(ゆ)き大(だい)名(みょう)の帰(かえ)り乞(こ)食(じき) (yuki daimyō no kaeri kojiki, “go as a daimyo, return as a beggar” → “fruitless waste”)
  • 落(らっ)花(か)枝(えだ)に帰(かえ)らず (rakka eda ni kaerazu, “a branch of fallen flowers never return” → “a parted husband and wife do not return”)
  • 落(らっ)花(か)枝(えだ)に帰(かえ)らず破(は)鏡(きょう)再(ふたた)び照(て)らさず (rakka eda ni kaerazu hakyō futatabi terasazu, “a branch of fallen flowers never return, a broken mirror does not shine again” → “a parted husband and wife do not return”)

See also

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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