怎

See also: 咋
怎 U+600E, 怎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-600E
← 怍
[U+600D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怏 →
[U+600F]

Translingual
Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

怎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸心 (HSP), four-corner 80331, composition ⿱乍心)

Derived characters
  • 𠷿

References
  • KangXi: page 379, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10431
  • Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+600E

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 怎

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996).

Contraction of 作 (MC t͡sɑk̚) + some variant of 物 (MC mɨut̚, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC t͡sɑk̚ mɨut̚ ʃˠæŋ) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC t͡sɑk̚ muət̚ ʃˠæŋ) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC t͡sɑk̚ muɑ) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC t͡sɑk̚ muɑX) [10th c.].

Pronunciation

Note:
  • zam2 - literary;
  • zaam2 - literary (rare);
  • dim2 - vernacular (most likely unrelated), more commonly written as 點.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciōng / cīng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suoŋ³³/, /t͡siŋ³³/
Note:
  • ciōng - vernacular (also written as 蔣);
  • cīng - literary.
Note:
  • chóaⁿ/chài/cháiⁿ/chá/chóa/chái - vernacular;
  • chím/chérm - literary.

Definitions

怎

  1. how; why
  2. what

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 怎麼 (“how”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何, 如何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 怎麼
Mandarin Beijing 怎麼
Taiwan 怎麼
Jinan 怎麼
Xi'an 咋, 咋樣兒
Wuhan 麼, 麼樣, 哪樣
Chengdu 咋, 咋個, 啷個
Chongqing 啷個
Yangzhou 井幹
Hefei 怎樣, 怎
Singapore 怎麼
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 咋, 咋的個, 咋麼, 咋麼個
Cantonese Guangzhou 點, 點樣
Hong Kong 點, 點樣
Taishan 幾何
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 點
Singapore (Guangfu) 點
Gan Nanchang 啷, 啷樣
Hakka Meixian 仰般, 仰仔
Wuhua (Meilin) 仰般
Heyuan (Bendihua) 仰來
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 仰般, 仰仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 仰仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 仰般
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 仰脣, 仰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 仰般, 仰般形
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 仰子
Huizhou Jixi 采翹
Jin Taiyuan 咋, 咋底
Min Dong Fuzhou 怎怎, 怎, 怎其
Fuqing 安難, 怎生
Singapore (Fuqing) 安難
Min Nan Xiamen 按怎, 怎影
Taipei 按怎
Penang (Hokkien) 按怎
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 障仔, 按怎, 怎
Chaozhou 在生, 乜生, 做呢, 做物
Raoping 做呢
Shantou 做呢
Jieyang 做呢
Haifeng 做呢
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢, 做物
Batam (Teochew) 做呢物, 做物
Wenchang 怎作, 作乜
Haikou 咋作
Singapore (Hainanese) 怎作
Wu Shanghai 哪能
Suzhou 捺亨
Ningbo 咋, 咋貌, 咋貌介
Wenzhou 訾那, 訾那能
Xiang Changsha 何什, 何裡
Shuangfeng 麼家

Compounds
  • 不知怎的
  • 多怎
  • 怎不
  • 怎向
  • 怎地 (zěnde)
  • 怎奈
  • 怎奈向
  • 怎好
  • 怎得
  • 怎敢
  • 怎生 (zěnshēng)

References

Japanese

Kanji
怎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • On (unclassified): しん (shin); そ (so); そう (sō)
  • Kun: いかで (ikade); なんぞ (nanzo); どう (dō); どうで (dōde, 怎うで)

Adverb
Kanji in this term
怎
いかで
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
争で
如何で

怎(いかで) • (ikade) 

  1. how

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
怎
どう
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
如何
For pronunciation and definitions of 怎 – see どう.
(This term, 怎, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: どう.)

Vietnamese

Han character

怎: Hán Nôm readings: chẩm, chẩn, tẩn, trẫm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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