掘る
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 掘 |
| ほ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
Cognate with 彫る (horu, “to dig”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ho̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "掘る"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
掘る | ほる | [hóꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 掘れ | ほれ | [hóꜜrè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 掘られる | ほられる | [hòráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 掘らせる | ほらせる | [hòráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 掘れる | ほれる | [hòréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 掘ろう | ほろー | [hòróꜜò] |
| Negative | 掘らない | ほらない | [hòráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 掘らなかった | ほらなかった | [hòráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 掘ります | ほります | [hòrímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 掘った | ほった | [hóꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 掘って | ほって | [hóꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 掘れば | ほれば | [hóꜜrèbà] |
Verb
掘る • (horu) godan (stem 掘り (hori), past 掘った (hotta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 掘る |
| mediopassive | 掘れる |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "掘る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 掘ら | ほら | hora |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 掘り | ほり | hori |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 掘る | ほる | horu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 掘る | ほる | horu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 掘れ | ほれ | hore |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 掘れ | ほれ | hore |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 掘られる | ほられる | horareru |
| Causative | 掘らせる 掘らす |
ほらせる ほらす |
horaseru horasu |
| Potential | 掘れる | ほれる | horeru |
| Volitional | 掘ろう | ほろう | horō |
| Negative | 掘らない | ほらない | horanai |
| Negative continuative | 掘らず | ほらず | horazu |
| Formal | 掘ります | ほります | horimasu |
| Perfective | 掘った | ほった | hotta |
| Conjunctive | 掘って | ほって | hotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 掘れば | ほれば | horeba |
Classical conjugation of "掘る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 掘ら | ほら | fora |
| Continuative (連用形) | 掘り | ほり | fori |
| Terminal (終止形) | 掘る | ほる | foru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 掘る | ほる | foru |
| Realis (已然形) | 掘れ | ほれ | fore |
| Imperative (命令形) | 掘れ | ほれ | fore |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 掘らず | ほらず | forazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 掘れど | ほれど | foredo |
| Causal conjunction | 掘れば | ほれば | foreba |
| Conditional conjunction | 掘らば | ほらば | foraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 掘りき | ほりき | foriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 掘りけり | ほりけり | forikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 掘りつ | ほりつ | foritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 掘りぬ | ほりぬ | forinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 掘れり 掘りたり | ほれり ほりたり | foreri foritari |
| Volitional | 掘らむ | ほらむ | foramu |
References
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