掻く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
掻
か
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
搔く (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kaku (“to scratch”). Cognate with 書く (kaku, “write”).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "掻く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 掻く か​く [káꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 掻け か​け [káꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 掻かれる かかれ​る [kàkáréꜜrù]
Causative 掻かせる かかせ​る [kàkáséꜜrù]
Potential 掻ける かけ​る [kàkéꜜrù]
Volitional 掻こう かこ​ー [kàkóꜜò]
Negative 掻かない かか​ない [kàkáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 掻かなかった かか​なかった [kàkáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 掻きます かきま​す [kàkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 掻いた か​いた [káꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 掻いて か​いて [káꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 掻けば か​けば [káꜜkèbà]

Verb

掻(か)く • (kaku) transitive godan (stem 掻(か)き (kaki), past 掻(か)いた (kaita))

  1. to scratch (e.g one's head)
    頭(あたま)を掻(か)く
    atama o kaku
    to scratch one's head
  2. (non-productive) Dummy verb for various nouns.
    汗(あせ)を掻(か)く
    ase o kaku
    to sweat
    あぐらをかく
    agura o kaku
    to sit crosslegged
    なきべそをかく
    nakibeso o kaku
    to be on the verge of tears
    恥(はじ)をかく／恥(はじ)をかかせる
    haji o kaku/haji o kakaseru
    to feel shame in public; to humiliate

Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "掻く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 掻か かか kaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 掻き かき kaki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 掻く かく kaku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 掻く かく kaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 掻け かけ kake
Meireikei ("imperative") 掻け かけ kake
Key constructions
Passive 掻かれる かかれる kakareru
Causative 掻かせる
掻かす		 かかせる
かかす		 kakaseru
kakasu
Potential 掻ける かける kakeru
Volitional 掻こう かこう kakō
Negative 掻かない かかない kakanai
Negative continuative 掻かず かかず kakazu
Formal 掻きます かきます kakimasu
Perfective 掻いた かいた kaita
Conjunctive 掻いて かいて kaite
Hypothetical conditional 掻けば かけば kakeba

References
  1. “掻”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
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