改元

Chinese

		to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct	primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
simp. and trad. (改元)		改	元

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǎiyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): goi² jyun⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎiyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎiyuán
  - Wade–Giles: kai³-yüan²
  - Yale: gǎi-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaeyuan
  - Palladius: гайюань (gajjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: goi² jyun⁴
  - Yale: gói yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goi² jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: goi² yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʌi^X ŋʉɐn/

Rime
Character	改	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古亥切	愚袁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌi^X/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kəi^X/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒi^X/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəj^X/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/kᴀi^X/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/kɒi^X/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑ̆i^X/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎi	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goi²	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤəʔ [ŋ]o[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*klɯːʔ ŋon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	改	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǎi	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ koj^X ›	‹ ngjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁəʔ/	/*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular)
English	change (v.)	head; first
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	改	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5763	16145
Phonetic component	己	元
Rime group	之	元
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	改	元
Old Chinese	/*klɯːʔ/	/*ŋon/

Verb

改⫽元 (verb-object)

(historical) to start over with the first year of a new Chinese era name; to change the title of an imperial reign

Synonyms

(Classical Chinese) 改年 (gǎinián)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (改元):

→ Japanese: 改元(かいげん) (kaigen)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
改	元
かい Grade: 4	げん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

改(かい)元(げん) • (kaigen)

change in the Imperial era name

Further reading

改元 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

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