来る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
来
く
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
來る (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese 來 (ku). Compare the development of modern する (suru) from Old Japanese す.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Cognate with Kunigami 来ん (sun), Miyako 来 (ksï), Okinawan 来ーん (chuun), Yaeyama 来ん (kïn), Yonaguni 来ん (kun).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "来る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
来る く​る [kúꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 来い こ​い [kóꜜì]
Key constructions
Passive 来られる こられ​る [kòráréꜜrù]
Causative 来させる こさせ​る [kòsáséꜜrù]
Potential 来られる こられ​る [kòráréꜜrù]
Volitional 来よう こよ​ー [kòyóꜜò]
Negative 来ない こ​ない [kóꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 来なかった こ​なかった [kóꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 来ます きま​す [kìmáꜜsù]
Perfective 来た き​た [kíꜜtà]
Conjunctive 来て き​て [kíꜜtè]
Hypothetical conditional 来れば く​れば [kúꜜrèbà]

Verb

来(く)る • (kuru) intransitive kuru (stem 来(き) (ki), past 来(き)た (kita))

  1. [from 712] to come (toward the speaker/writer)
    お客(きゃく)さんがあまり来(こ)ないお店(みせ)
    o-kyaku-san ga amari konai o-mise
    a shop that does not see many visitors
  2. [from 1908] (specifically, of a sensation) to come and stimulate
    心(こころ)に来(く)る悲(かな)しさ
    kokoro ni kuru kanashisa
    sadness that strikes the heart
    喉(のど)に来(く)る辛(から)さ
    nodo ni kuru karasa
    spiciness that assaults the throat
    胃(い)に来(く)る
    i ni kuru
    to noticeably affect the stomach
    メンタルにくる
    mentaru ni kuru
    mentally taxing
  3. (と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to
Conjugation
Antonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
来
きた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
來る (kyūjitai)
来たる
Japanese verb pair
active 来(きた)す
mediopassive 来(きた)る

From 来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru).

Pronunciation

Verb

来(きた)る • (kitaru) intransitive godan (stem 来(きた)り (kitari), past 来(きた)った (kitatta))

  1. to come, to arrive
    • 2011, NHK, 天皇誕生日 皇居で一般参賀:
      来(きた)る年(とし)が皆(みな)さん一人(ひとり)びとりにとり、よい年(とし)であるよう祈(いの)っています。
      Kitaru toshi ga mina-san hitoribitori ni tori, yoi toshi de aru yō inotte imasu.
      I pray that next year [the coming year] will be a good year for each of you.
Conjugation

See also

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. Uwano, Zendo (2002-10-31), “見島方言の用言のアクセント調査報告 [A Report on the Accentual Surveys of Verbs and Adjectives in the Mishima Dialect]”, in 環太平洋の「消滅に瀕した言語」にかんする緊急調査研究 [Endangered languages of the Pacific Rim]‎, →ISSN
  6. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.