杭

杭	U+676D, 杭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-676D

← 杬
[U+676C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

杮 →
[U+676E]

Translingual

Han character

杭 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木卜竹弓 (DYHN), four-corner 4091₇, composition ⿰木亢)

References

KangXi: page 513, character 6

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14494

Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1174, character 3

Unihan data for U+676D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		杭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
笐	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋs
亢	kaːŋ, kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
魧	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
迒	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
邟	kʰaːŋ, kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	kʰaːŋʔ, qʰaːŋ
骯	kʰaːŋʔ, ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
炕	kʰaːŋs, qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
阬	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
頏	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).

Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): háng (hang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hâng / hông

(Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhaan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: háng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: háng
  - Wade–Giles: hang²
  - Yale: háng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
  - Palladius: хан (xan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hong⁴
  - Yale: hòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hong²
  - Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng
  - Tâi-lô: hâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /haŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³hhaan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɑ̃²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɑŋ/

Rime
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]-[ɡ]ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	háng
Middle Chinese	‹ hang ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]-[ɡ]ˁaŋ/
English	to go by boat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
No.	7383
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	航
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

杭

^† Alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”).
^† Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”).
^† Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”).
(dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden
Short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”).
a surname

Compounds

杭剪
杭子
杭州 (Hángzhōu)
杭桂 (Hángguì)
杭筏

杭菊
杭越
榔杭
上有天堂，下有蘇杭／上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
杭愛山／杭爱山 (Háng'àishān)

杭紗／杭纱
杭紬／杭绸
杭絕／杭绝
杭蓋／杭盖 (Hánggài)
餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kang
  - Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
  - Yale: kāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
  - Palladius: кан (kan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

杭

^† Alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”).
杭莊／杭庄 ― kāngzhuāng ― broad road

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻang⁴
  - Yale: kàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
  - Palladius: кан (kan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

杭

^† Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”).
^† Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”).
^† Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”).

Japanese

Kanji

杭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

stake, picket
stump

Readings

Go-on: ごう (gō)

Kan-on: こう (kō)

Kun: くい (kui, 杭); わたる (wataru, 杭る)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
杭
くい Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 杭 – see the following entry.

【くい】	[noun] stake, pile, post Alternative spellings 杭, 杙, 株

(This term, 杭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
杭
くいぜ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 杭 – see the following entry.

【くいぜ】

[noun] stump

Alternative spellings
杭, 杙, 株

(This term, 杭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Noun

杭 (transliteration needed)

Nôm form of kháng (“ginger, galangal”).

Vietnamese

Han character

杭: Hán Nôm readings: cáng, hàng, khiêng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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