渥

渥	U+6E25, 渥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E25

← 渤
[U+6E24]

CJK Unified Ideographs

渦 →
[U+6E26]

Translingual

Han character

渥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸一土 (ESMG) or XX水尸一 (XXESM), four-corner 3711₄, composition ⿰氵屋)

References

KangXi: page 634, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17770
Dae Jaweon: page 1041, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1689, character 6
Unihan data for U+6E25

Chinese

simp. and trad.		渥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (屋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
握	*qroːɡ
幄	*qroːɡ
偓	*qroːɡ
渥	*qroːɡ
齷	*qroːɡ
楃	*qroːɡ
喔	*qroːɡ
腛	*qroːɡ
媉	*qroːɡ
屋	*qoːɡ
剭	*qoːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wò (wo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ak¹
Min Nan (POJ): ak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wò
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wò
  - Wade–Giles: wo⁴
  - Yale: wò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woh
  - Palladius: во (vo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ak¹
  - Yale: āk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: eg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak
  - Tâi-lô: ak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠʌk̚/

Rime
Character	渥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	於角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ok³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤrok/

(Zhengzhang): /*qroːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wò
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔæwk ›
Old Chinese	/qˁrok/ (or ʔˁrok ?)
English	moisten, smear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渥
Reading #	1/1
No.	13069
Phonetic component	屋
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	渥
Old Chinese	/*qroːɡ/

Definitions

渥

(literary) to moisten; to soak
(literary) deep; rich; strong; thick
(archaic) glossy; dyed
(literary) to enrich

Compounds

渥丹
渥恩
渥惠
渥汗

渥然
渥眄
隆渥

殷渥
優渥／优渥 (yōuwò)
渥太華／渥太华 (Wòtàihuá)

Japanese

Kanji

渥

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: あく (aku)
Kan-on: あく (aku)
Kun: あつい (atsui, 渥い)

Korean

Hanja

渥 (eum 악 (ak))

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Vietnamese

Han character

渥: Hán Nôm readings: ốc

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