渾渾

Chinese

		muddy	muddy
trad. (渾渾)		渾	渾
simp. (浑浑)		浑	浑

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húnhún

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húnhún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húnhún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²-hun²
  - Yale: hwún-hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenhwen
  - Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən³⁵ xwən³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuən ɦuən/

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸昆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[u]r [ɡ]ˤ[u]r/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn ɡuːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
No.	7321
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːn/

Adjective

渾渾

(literary) ignorant
(literary) simple and honest

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húnhún, hùnhùn

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄣˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húnhún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húnhún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²-hun²
  - Yale: hwún-hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenhwen
  - Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən³⁵ xwən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnhùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnhùn
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-hun⁴
  - Yale: hwùn-hwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennhuenn
  - Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xwən⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuən^X ɦuən^X/

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡本切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤurʔ [ɡ]ˤurʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ ɡuːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
No.	7328
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	混
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/

Adjective

渾渾

(literary) large
(literary) numerous and disorderly

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾渾 – see 滾滾 (“rolling along; billowing; churning; etc.”). (This term, 渾渾, is a variant form of 滾滾.)

See also

混混 (hùnhun)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
渾	渾
こん Hyōgaiji	こん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾渾 – see the following entry.

【滾々こんこん】

[adnominal] (of fluids) copiously flowing; actively and continuously flowing

[adnominal] (figurative, by extension) inexhaustible; continuous

[adnominal] jumbled, thoroughly and irretrievably mixed; disordered; in a chaotic state

[adnominal] tumbling, rolling

Alternative spellings
滾滾, 渾々, 渾渾, 混々, 混混, コンコン

(This term, 渾渾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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