滅びる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
滅
ほろ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
亡びる

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ほろび​る [hòróbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • (Tokyo) ほろびる [hòróbírú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ɾo̞bʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "滅びる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 滅びる ほろび​る [hòróbíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 滅びろ ほろび​ろ [hòróbíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 滅びられる ほろびられ​る [hòróbíráréꜜrù]
Causative 滅びさせる ほろびさせ​る [hòróbísáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 滅びよう ほろびよ​ー [hòróbíyóꜜò]
Negative 滅びない ほろび​ない [hòróbíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 滅びなかった ほろび​なかった [hòróbíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 滅びます ほろびま​す [hòróbímáꜜsù]
Perfective 滅びた ほろ​びた [hòróꜜbìtà]
Conjunctive 滅びて ほろ​びて [hòróꜜbìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 滅びれば ほろび​れば [hòróbíꜜrèbà]

Verb

滅(ほろ)びる • (horobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 滅(ほろ)び (horobi), past 滅(ほろ)びた (horobita))

Japanese verb pair
active 滅ぼす
mediopassive 滅びる
  1. to die, to fall, to collapse, to perish
    • "Laputa : Castle in the Sky", 1986
      ラピュタは滅(ほろ)びぬ、何(なん)度(ど)でも甦(よみがえ)るさ。
      Rapyuta wa horobi nu, nando demo yomigaeru sa.
      Laputa never dies, it will be reborn many times.
  2. to die out; to become extinct

Conjugation
Conjugation of "滅びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 滅び ほろび horobi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 滅び ほろび horobi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 滅びる ほろびる horobiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 滅びる ほろびる horobiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 滅びれ ほろびれ horobire
Meireikei ("imperative") 滅びよ¹
滅びろ²		 ほろびよ¹
ほろびろ²		 horobiyo¹
horobiro²
Key constructions
Passive 滅びられる ほろびられる horobirareru
Causative 滅びさせる
滅びさす		 ほろびさせる
ほろびさす		 horobisaseru
horobisasu
Potential 滅びられる
滅びれる³		 ほろびられる
ほろびれる³		 horobirareru
horobireru³
Volitional 滅びよう ほろびよう horobiyō
Negative 滅びない
滅びぬ
滅びん		 ほろびない
ほろびぬ
ほろびん		 horobinai
horobinu
horobin
Negative continuative 滅びず ほろびず horobizu
Formal 滅びます ほろびます horobimasu
Perfective 滅びた ほろびた horobita
Conjunctive 滅びて ほろびて horobite
Hypothetical conditional 滅びれば ほろびれば horobireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms
  • 滅(ほろ)ぶ (horobu)
  • (die out): 死(し)に絶(た)える (shinitaeru)

Antonyms
  • 死(し)ぬ (shinu) (especially of life, figuratively intangible matters)
  • 消(き)える (kieru) (especially of fire, figuratively intangible matters)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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