無窮

See also: 无穷

Chinese

		not have	exhausted; poor
trad. (無窮)		無	窮
simp. (无穷)		无	穷
anagram		窮無／穷无

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wúqióng

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ kung⁴
Min Nan (POJ): bû-kiông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wúqióng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúcyóng
  - Wade–Giles: wu²-chʻiung²
  - Yale: wú-chyúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuchyong
  - Palladius: уцюн (ucjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ t͡ɕʰjʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ kung⁴
  - Yale: mòuh kùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ kung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ kung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ kʰʊŋ²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-kiông
  - Tâi-lô: bû-kiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'kioong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² kiɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ kiɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /mɨo ɡɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	渠弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/ɡɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/guwŋ/
Li Rong	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/ɡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/gi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	qióng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴	kung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ma m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ma ɡuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/3	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	qióng
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ gjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/
English	not have	exhaust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	4145
Phonetic component	無	躬
Rime group	魚	終
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	無	窮
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ɡuŋ/

Verb

無窮

to be endless; to be boundless; to be inexhaustible
奧妙無窮／奥妙无穷 ― àomiào wúqióng ― to be inexhaustibly profound

道理無窮，學者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, trad.]
道理无穷，学者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, simp.]
Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]
Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.

Derived terms

其味無窮／其味无穷
其樂無窮／其乐无穷 (qílèwúqióng)
力大無窮／力大无穷
受益無窮／受益无穷
回味無窮／回味无穷 (huíwèiwúqióng)
妙用無窮／妙用无穷
後患無窮／后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
永世無窮／永世无穷

永永無窮／永永无穷
無盡無窮／无尽无穷
無窮無盡／无穷无尽 (wúqióngwújìn)
無窮級數／无穷级数 (wúqióng jíshù)
無窮花／无穷花 (wúqiónghuā)
玄妙無窮／玄妙无穷
變化無窮／变化无穷
餘味無窮／余味无穷

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無窮):

→ Japanese: 無(む)窮(きゅう) (mukyū)
→ Korean: 무궁(無窮) (mugung)
→ Vietnamese: vô cùng (無窮)

See also

無限／无限 (wúxiàn)
無盡／无尽 (wújìn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
無	窮
む Grade: 4	きゅう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝkʲɨᵝː]

Noun

無(む)窮(きゅう) • (mukyū)

infinity

Korean

Hanja in this term
無	窮

Noun

無窮 • (mugung) (hangeul 무궁)

Hanja form^? of 무궁 (“infinity”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
無	窮

Adjective

無窮

chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“endless; infinity”).

Adverb

無窮

chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“ultimately”).

Noun

無窮

chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“infinity”).

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