生ゆ

Japanese
Kanji in this term
生
は
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]

Analyzable as ha (probably cognate with 葉 (ha, “leaf”), 歯 (ha, “tooth”), with a common sense of “sprout”) + ゆ (yu, verb-forming suffix deriving from Old Japanese, indicating spontaneous, passive, or potential action; compare 見ゆ (miyu), older form of modern 見える (mieru, “to be able to see; to seem”)).

Also cognate with Old Japanese and Classical 映ゆ (hayu, “to appear, to come into view”), modern 映える (haeru).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ha̠jɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

生(は)ゆ • (hayu) intransitive †nidan

  1. (archaic) to grow, sprout

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "生ゆ" (ヤ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 生えはえfae
Continuative (連用形) 生えはえfae
Terminal (終止形) 生ゆはゆfayu
Attributive (連体形) 生ゆるはゆるfayuru
Realis (已然形) 生ゆれはゆれfayure
Imperative (命令形) 生えよはえよfaeyo
Key constructions
Negative 生えずはえずfaezu
Contrasting conjunction 生ゆれどはゆれどfayuredo
Causal conjunction 生ゆればはゆればfayureba
Conditional conjunction 生えばはえばfaeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 生えきはえきfaeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 生えけりはえけりfaekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 生えつはえつfaetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 生えぬはえぬfaenu
Perfect-continuative tense 生えたりはえたりfaetari
Volitional 生えむはえむfaemu

Derived terms
  • 生(は)えす (haesu, “to sprout, to grow”, intransitive; rare, possibly obsolete)
  • 生(は)える (haeru, “to sprout, to grow”, intransitive; modern form)
  • 生(は)やす (hayasu, “to make something grow”, transitive; modern form)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Verb

生ゆ (payu) (kana はゆ)

  1. to grow, sprout

Derived terms
  • 生𛀁す (payesu)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 生える (haeru)
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