葉

See also: 叶, 頁, and 页
葉 U+8449, 葉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449
← 葈
[U+8448]
CJK Unified Ideographs 葊 →
[U+844A]

葉 U+F96E, 葉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96E
← 省
[U+F96D]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 說 →
[U+F96F]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japan

Han character

葉 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 (Japan), 13 (traditional Chinese) strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)

Derived characters

  • 僷, 𡢬, 𭜆, 𬀗, 瞸, 𮒅, 𠿚, 䭟, 䜓, 擛, 𨆡, 𢢲, 𬛚, 𰯏, 𣩨, 𣋑, 𩆏, 鐷, 㵩, 𤐌, 𣜿, 𤗽, 𡑢, 𥖢, 𠪸, 𧝵, 𩍣, 𥜈, 𨗸, 𩦭, 𫅠, 蠂, 𫊍, 𮓎

References

Chinese

trad. 葉
simp. 叶*

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Possibly also ideogrammic compound (會意) with 枼 (“leaf”) also acting as a semantic component.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”), Jingpho lap (“leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation


Note: yiap5 - surname.
Note:
  • iab8 - surname (Chaozhou, Shantou);
  • iag8 - surname (Chenghai).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 葉
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /iə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ie³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ie²²/
Tunxi /ia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /jip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
/xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
/hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/ 姓
/hio³³/ 訓箬

Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鹽 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 與涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/jæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jiap̚/
Li
Rong
/iɛp̚/
Wang
Li
/jĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jip6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yè
Middle
Chinese
‹ yep ›
Old
Chinese
/*l[a]p/
English leaf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
No. 11561
Phonetic
component
世
Rime
group
盍
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
葉
Old
Chinese
/*leb/

Definitions

葉

  1. leaf; petal (Classifier: 塊/块 c; 片 c)
    紅葉/红叶  ―  hóngyè  ―  red autumn leaves
  2. era; epoch
    十九世紀中後葉/十九世纪中后叶  ―  shíjiǔ shìjì zhōng hòu yè  ―  middle and late 19th century
  3. leaf-like thing
    肺葉/肺叶  ―  fèiyè  ―  lobe of the lung
    百葉窗/百叶窗  ―  bǎiyèchuāng  ―  Venetian blinds
  4. Classifier for small boats.
    一葉扁舟/一叶扁舟  ―  yīyèpiānzhōu  ―  a tiny boat
  5. Alternative form of 頁/页 (yè, “page”).
  6. a surname
    葉飛/叶飞  ―  Yè Fēi  ―  Ye Fei (Chinese military general and politician of the People's Republic of China)
Synonyms
Descendants
  • → English: Ye, Yeh, Yip, Ip, Yap, Yeap
  • → Tagalog: Yap

Compounds

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕjæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕiap̚/
Li
Rong
/ɕiɛp̚/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
she
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sip3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
No. 11557
Phonetic
component
世
Rime
group
盍
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
攝
Old
Chinese
/*hljeb/

Definitions

葉

  1. (~縣) Ye County, Henan, China
  2. a surname

Compounds

  • 摩訶迦葉/摩诃迦叶

Pronunciation


Note:
  • hiêh8 - Chaozhou;
  • hioh8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 葉
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /iə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ie³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ie²²/
Tunxi /ia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /jip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
/xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
/hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/ 姓
/hio³³/ 訓箬

Definitions

葉

  1. (Min) Alternative form of 箬 (“leaf”).

References

Japanese

Kanji

葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.
Kanji in this term
葉
は
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/

From Old Japanese[1], from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”).

Suggested in some sources as possibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall,[2] and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape (cf. English blade). However, the pitch accent patterns are different; 葉 and 羽 are both unaccented, while 歯 and 刃 are both accented. This may reflect two disparate *pa roots in the ancient language.

Cognate with Okinawan 葉 (fā).

Pronunciation

Noun

葉(は) • (ha)  (counter 枚)

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葉
よう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/

From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC jiᴇp̚, “leaf”).

Pronunciation

Noun

葉(よう) • (yō) ←えふ (efu)?

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
  2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
  3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

Counter

葉(よう) • (-yō) ←えふ (efu)?

  1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
  2. (by extension) counter for small boats

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 葉 entry at Gogen Yurai Jiten ("Etymology Derivation Dictionary"; in Japanese)
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC jiᴇp̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448엽〮 (Yale: yép)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527닙〮 (Yale: níp)엽 (Yale: yep)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 葉 (eumhun 잎 엽 (ip yeop))

  1. Hanja form? of 엽 (“leaf”). [affix]
Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC ɕiᴇp̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448셥〮 (Yale: syép)

Pronunciation

Hanja

葉 (eumhun 땅 이름 섭 (ttang ireum seop))

  1. Hanja form? of 섭 (“A surname.”).

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Kunigami

Kanji

葉

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pʰaː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji phā)

  1. leaf

Miyako

Kanji

葉

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /paː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

  1. leaf

Okinawan

Kanji

葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with mainland Japanese 葉 (ha).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɸaː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ふぁー, rōmaji fā)

  1. leaf
    クロトンぬ葉(ふぁー)や色(いる)清(じゅ)らさぬ、いくちん集(あち)みてぃ植(っゐー)らっとーん。
    Kuroton-nu fā-ya iru jurasanu, ikuchin achimiti 'wīrattōn.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

References

  • “ふぁー【葉】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

葉: Hán Nôm readings: diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

葉

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /paː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

  1. leaf

Yonaguni

Kanji

葉

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /haː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana はー, romaji hā)

  1. leaf
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