礫

See also: 砾
礫 U+792B, 礫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-792B
← 礪
[U+792A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 礬 →
[U+792C]

Translingual
Traditional 礫
Shinjitai
(extended)		 䃯
Simplified 砾

Han character

礫 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口女戈木 (MRVID), four-corner 12694, composition ⿰石樂)

References
  • KangXi: page 838, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2463, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+792B

Chinese
trad. 礫
simp. 砾
2nd round simp. 劯

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
樂 *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢 *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼 *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒 *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽 *rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍 *qʰljawɢ
鑠 *qʰljawɢ
藥 *lawɢ
櫟 *lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅 *lawɢ
礫 *reːwɢ
瓅 *reːwɢ
皪 *reːwɢ
觻 *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛 *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ)

Etymology

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”)

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 礫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 青 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎擊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lek̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lek̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɛjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /lek̚/
Wang
Li		 /liek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /liek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 lik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 礫
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˁewk/
English pebbles

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 礫
Reading # 1/1
No. 7685
Phonetic
component		 樂
Rime
group		 藥
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 靂
Old
Chinese		 /*reːwɢ/

Definitions

礫

  1. gravel; pebbles; potsherds

Compounds
  • 砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
  • 磧礫／碛砾
  • 礫岩／砾岩 (lìyán)
  • 礫石／砾石 (lìshí)
  • 礫耕栽培／砾耕栽培
  • 角礫岩／角砾岩 (jiǎolìyán)
  • 飛沙揚礫／飞沙扬砾
  • 飛沙走礫／飞沙走砾
  • 飛砂揚礫／飞砂扬砾
  • 飛礫／飞砾

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

礫

  1. Only used in 卓礫／卓砾.

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

礫

  1. ‡ Appearance of white stones/rocks.
    • Jiyun (集韻): 礫，白石皃。

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

 䃯

Kyūjitai

 礫

Kanji
礫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 䃯)

  1. pebble, stone

Readings
  • Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
  • Kan-on: れき (reki)
  • Kun: こいし (koishi, 礫); つぶて (tsubute, 礫)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
礫
れき
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 礫 (MC lek̚).

Pronunciation

Noun

礫(れき) • (reki) 

  1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
    Synonyms: 石塊 (ishikoro), 小石 (koishi)
  2. gravel
Derived terms
  • 礫耕(れきこう)栽培(さいばい) (rekikōsaibai)
  • 礫(れき)砂(さ)漠(ばく) (reki sabaku)
  • 火山(かざん)礫(れき) (kazan reki)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
礫
つぶて
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms
  • 飛礫

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つぶて [tsùbúté] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • (Tokyo) つぶて​ [tsùbútéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝbɯ̟ᵝte̞]

Noun

礫(つぶて) • (tsubute) 

  1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
    Synonym: 小石 (koishi)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 石(いし)礫(つぶて) (ishitsubute)
  • 紙(かみ)礫(つぶて) (kamitsubute)
  • 雁(がん)礫(つぶて) (gantsubute)
  • 空(そら)礫(つぶて) (soratsubute)
  • 天狗(てんぐ)礫(つぶて) (tengutsubute)
  • 梨(なし)の礫(つぶて) (nashi no tsubute)
  • 梨(なし)も礫(つぶて)も打(う)たぬ (nashi mo tsubute mo utanu)
  • 人(ひと)礫(つぶて) (hitotsubute)
  • 向(む)かい礫(つぶて) (mukaitsubute)
  • 雪(ゆき)礫(つぶて) (yukitsubute)
Proverbs
  • 暗夜(あんや)の礫(つぶて) (an'ya no tsubute)
  • 闇(やみ)の夜(よ)の礫(つぶて) (yami no yo no tsubute), 闇(やみ)夜(よ)の礫(つぶて) (yamiyo no tsubute)

Proper noun

礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute) 

  1. a place name

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
礫
たぶて
Hyōgaiji
irregular

From Old Japanese.

Possibly an apophonic form of or a shift from tsubute above.

Noun

礫(たぶて) • (tabute) 

  1. (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 8, poem 1522), text here
      多夫手(たぶて)二毛(にも)投越(なげこし)都倍吉(つべき)天漢(あまのがは)敝太而礼婆可母(へだてればかも)安麻多須辨奈吉(あまたすべなき) [Man'yōgana]
      たぶてにも投(な)げ越(こ)しつべき天(あま)の川隔(がはへだ)てればかもあまたすべなき [Modern spelling]
      tabute ni mo nagekoshitsu beki Ama-no-gawa hedatereba ka mo amata subenaki
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
礫
こいし
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

礫(こいし) • (koishi) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble

Etymology 5
Kanji in this term
礫
たびいし
Hyōgaiji
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi) 

  1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
Derived terms
  • 礫瓦(たびしかわら) (tabishikawara)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 礫 (MC lek̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 륵〮 (lúk) (Yale: luk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 礫, eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), South Korea 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok)

  1. Hanja form? of 력/역 (“pebble”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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