立つ

Japanese

Etymology
Kanji in this term
立
た
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *tatu.

Cognate with Japanese 建(た)つ (tatsu).

Possibly cognate with Korean 돋다 (dotda, “rise; grow”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "立つ"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 立つ た​つ [táꜜtsù]
Imperative (命令形) 立て た​て [táꜜtè]
Key constructions
Passive 立たれる たたれ​る [tàtáréꜜrù]
Causative 立たせる たたせ​る [tàtáséꜜrù]
Potential 立てる たて​る [tàtéꜜrù]
Volitional 立とう たと​ー [tàtóꜜò]
Negative 立たない たた​ない [tàtáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 立たなかった たた​なかった [tàtáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 立ちます たちま​す [tàchímáꜜsù]
Perfective 立った た​った [táꜜttà]
Conjunctive 立って た​って [táꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 立てば た​てば [táꜜtèbà]

Verb

立(た)つ • (tatsu) intransitive godan (stem 立(た)ち (tachi), past 立(た)った (tatta))

Japanese verb pair
active 立てる
mediopassive 立つ
  1. to stand, to stand up, to rise
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      門(もん)の所(ところ)に誰(だれ)かが立(た)っている
      mon no tokoro ni dareka ga tatte iru
      Someone is standing at the gate
  2. to depart
    地(ち)球(きゅう)を発(た)つ
    chikyū o tatsu
    to depart from Earth
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      一(いっ)行(こう)は船(ふね)で横(よこ)浜(はま)を立(た)った
      ikkō wa fune de yokohama o tatta
      The group departed from Yokohama by boat
  3. to close
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      戸(と)が立(た)つ
      to ga tatsu
      the door closes
  4. of something physical but not solid or liquid: to be released, to rise
    にんにくから香(かお)りが立(た)つ
    ninniku kara kaori ga tatsu
    a good smell rises from the garlic

Conjugation
Conjugation of "立つ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 立た たた tata
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 立ち たち tachi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 立つ たつ tatsu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 立つ たつ tatsu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 立て たて tate
Meireikei ("imperative") 立て たて tate
Key constructions
Passive 立たれる たたれる tatareru
Causative 立たせる
立たす		 たたせる
たたす		 tataseru
tatasu
Potential 立てる たてる tateru
Volitional 立とう たとう tatō
Negative 立たない たたない tatanai
Negative continuative 立たず たたず tatazu
Formal 立ちます たちます tachimasu
Perfective 立った たった tatta
Conjunctive 立って たって tatte
Hypothetical conditional 立てば たてば tateba
Classical conjugation of "立つ" (タ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 立たたたtata
Continuative (連用形) 立ちたちtati
Terminal (終止形) 立つたつtatu
Attributive (連体形) 立つたつtatu
Realis (已然形) 立てたてtate
Imperative (命令形) 立てたてtate
Key constructions
Negative 立たずたたずtatazu
Contrasting conjunction 立てどたてどtatedo
Causal conjunction 立てばたてばtateba
Conditional conjunction 立たばたたばtataba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 立ちきたちきtatiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 立ちけりたちけりtatikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 立ちつたちつtatitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 立ちぬたちぬtatinu
Perfect-continuative tense 立てり
立ちたり		たてり
たちたり		tateri
tatitari
Volitional 立たむたたむtatamu

Derived terms

References
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2020), “Old Japanese tat-”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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