船

See also: 舩
船 U+8239, 船
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8239
← 舸
[U+8238] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 舺 →
[U+823A]

Translingual
Stroke order
11 strokes

Alternative forms

The top-right part can be either 八 or 几, depending on the script; Japanese: 船, mainland China: 船, traditional Chinese: 船, Korean: 船; see Han unification.

Han character

船 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜金口 (HYCR) or 竹卜竹弓口 (HYHNR), four-corner 28460, composition ⿰舟㕣)

References
  • KangXi: page 1010, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30407
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1468, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3060, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8239

Chinese
trad. 船
simp. # 船
alternative forms 舩／船
拖斗挖泥船

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 船
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (沿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
船 *ɦljon
沿 *lon
鉛 *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦljon) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Burmese လောင်း (laung:, “long and narrow boat”).

Sagart (1999) interprets Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon) as a nominal derivate of the verb 沿 (OC *lon, “to go downstream a river”). The Fangyan states that this word was commonly used in western China, but, by Han times, it had completely displaced the earlier 舟 (OC *tjɯw), used in central and eastern China.

Alternatively, the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root could be a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂lu(u)ŋ ~ *d₂l(u)əŋ (“boat”), whence Mon ဂၠုၚ် (klɜ̀ŋ, “canoe, small boat”), perhaps a derivate of Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋh ~ *luuŋh ~ *ləŋh (“to hollow, excavate, bore”), see Khmer លុង (lung, “to dig a hole”) and Vietnamese trũng (“concave”) (Sidwell, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chûn - vernacular;
  • soân - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 船
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuan³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuan²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰuan⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuã⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰuã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴²/
Xi'an /p͡fʰã²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰuan²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰuan³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰuan²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰʰuæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
Suzhou /zø¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑyẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /son¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃon¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /syn²¹/
Nanning /syn²¹/
Hong Kong /syn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /suan³⁵/
/t͡sun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tun³¹/
Rime
Character 船
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食川切
Baxter zywien
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʑiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʑʷiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʑjuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʑwian/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʑiuɛn/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʑĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡ʑʰi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 syun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 船
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chuán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zywen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.lo[n]/
English boat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 船
Reading # 1/1
No. 14278
Phonetic
component		 沿
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 船
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljon/

Definitions

船

  1. watercraft; vessel (including ships, boats, sailing ships, hovercrafts; sometimes including submarines) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 艘 m; 隻／只 m)
  2. an object with a shape or function similar to watercraft
    太空船  ―  tàikōngchuán  ―  spaceship
  3. (obsolete) alcohol cup
  4. (obsolete) to carry by watercraft
  5. (obsolete, dialectal) button
  6. a surname: Chuan
  7. (Hong Kong, colloquial) scholarship

Synonyms
  • (watercraft):
Dialectal synonyms of 船 (“watercraft; vessel”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 舟, 船
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 船, 船隻
Mandarin Beijing 船
Taiwan 船
Tianjin 船
Chengde 船
Tangshan 船
Cangzhou 船
Baoding 船
Shijiazhuang 船
Chifeng 船
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 船
Heihe 船
Qiqihar 船
Harbin 船
Jiamusi 船
Baicheng 船
Changchun 船
Tonghua 船
Shenyang 船
Dandong 船
Jinzhou 船
Dalian 船
Yantai 船
Qingdao 船
Lijin 船
Zhucheng 船
Jinan 船
Jining 船
Shangqiu 船
Yuanyang 船
Zhengzhou 船
Lingbao 船
Xinyang 船
Baihe 船
Hanzhong 船
Xi'an 船
Baoji 船
Yinchuan 船
Tianshui 船
Lanzhou 船
Dunhuang 船
Xining 船
Hami 船
Ürümqi 船
Wuhan 船
Yichang 船
Xiangyang 船
Tianmen 船
Hong'an 船
Chengdu 船
Nanchong 船
Dazhou 船
Hanyuan 船
Xichang 船
Zigong 船
Chongqing 船
Zunyi 船
Bijie 船
Liping 船
Zhaotong 船
Dali 船
Kunming 船
Mengzi 船
Guilin 船
Liuzhou 船
Jishou 船
Changde 船
Anqing 船
Xuzhou 船
Fuyang 船
Wuhu 船
Yangzhou 船
Lianyungang 船
Lianshui 船
Nanjing 船
Hefei 船
Nantong 船
Malaysia 船
Singapore 船
Cantonese Guangzhou 船
Hong Kong 船
Yangjiang 船
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 船
Singapore (Guangfu) 船
Gan Nanchang 船
Hakka Meixian 船
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 船仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 船仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 船仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 船
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 船
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 船
Kuching (Hepo) 船
Huizhou Shexian 船
Jin Taiyuan 船
Yangyuan 船
Datong 船
Xinzhou 船
Lishi 船
Linfen 船
Changzhi 船
Linhe 船
Jining 船
Hohhot 船
Erenhot 船
Pingshan 船
Zhangjiakou 船
Handan 船
Linzhou 船
Suide 船
Min Bei Jian'ou 船
Min Dong Fuzhou 船
Min Nan Xiamen 船
Quanzhou 船
Jinjiang 船
Zhangzhou 船
Zhao'an 船
Taipei 船
New Taipei (Tamsui) 船
New Taipei (Sanxia) 船
New Taipei (Pingxi) 船
Kaohsiung 船
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 船
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 船
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 船
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 船
Yilan (Toucheng) 船
Tainan 船仔
Tainan (Anping) 船
Kinmen 船
Penghu (Magong) 船
Penghu (Xiyu) 船
Penang (Hokkien) 船
Singapore (Hokkien) 船
Manila (Hokkien) 船
Chaozhou 船
Wu Suzhou 船
Wenzhou 船
Xiang Changsha 船
Xiangxiang 船
Shuangfeng 船

Compounds
Derived terms from 船

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (船):
  • → Japanese: 船(ぜん) (zen); 船(せん) (sen)
  • → Korean: 선(船) (seon)
  • → Vietnamese: thuyền (船)

Others:

Japanese
Shinjitai 船
Kyūjitai
[1]
船󠄂
船+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
船󠄄
船+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
船

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ship, vessel, large ship

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
船
ふね
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese 船 (pune2), from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Possibly derived from 船 (funa, “ship”), via fusion of emphatic nominal particle い (i).

Pronunciation

Noun

船(ふね) • (fune) 

  1. ship, vessel, larger ship
Synonyms
See also

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
船
ふな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Possibly the older form of 船 (fune, “ship”).

Pronunciation

Noun

船(ふな) • (funa) 

  1. ship, vessel, larger ship
See also

References
  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1790 (paper), page 947 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)

Hanja

船 (eumhun 배 선 (bae seon))

  1. Hanja form? of 선 (“ship; boat; vessel”).

Kunigami

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pʰuniː/

Noun

船 (hiragana ぷにー, romaji phunī)

  1. boat

Miyako

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /fu̥ni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. boat

Okinawan

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɸuni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. boat

Vietnamese

Han character

船: Hán Nôm readings: thuyền

  1. boat

Yaeyama

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɸuni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. boat

Yonaguni

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /nni/

Noun

船 (hiragana んに, romaji nni)

  1. boat
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