經驗

See also: 経験 and 经验

Chinese

		classics; sacred book; pass through classics; sacred book; pass through; to undergo; scripture	to examine; to test; to check
trad. (經驗)		經	驗
simp. (经验)		经	验

Etymology

Attestable in Classical Chinese. Popularised from Japanese 經驗(けいけん) (keiken).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngyàn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ging¹ jim⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gen¹ ngiam⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-ngiam
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): keng-giām

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹ ngiam⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngyàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingyàn
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-yen⁴
  - Yale: jīng-yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingyann
  - Palladius: цзинъянь (czinʺjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    經驗／经验
    驚豔／惊艳
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ jim⁶
  - Yale: gīng yihm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ jim⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ yim⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gen¹ ngiam⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ken³³ ᵑɡiam³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-ngiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ ngiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ ngiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɲi̯am⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-giām
  - Tâi-lô: king-giām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kenggiam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiam²²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /keŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiam²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ ɡiam⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹ ngiam⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng ngiām
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³⁻²³ ŋiam¹¹/

Noun

經驗

(countable, uncountable) experience (Classifier: 個／个; 條／条)
豐富的經驗／丰富的经验 ― fēngfù de jīngyàn ― extensive experience

丟人經驗／丢人经验 ― diūrén jīngyàn ― embarrassing experience

實際經驗／实际经验 ― shíjì jīngyàn ― practical experience

值得借鑑的經驗／值得借鉴的经验 ― zhídé jièjiàn de jīngyàn ― experiences worth learning from

楓橋經驗／枫桥经验 ― fēngqiáo jīngyàn ― Fengqiao Experience (a method from the Cultural Revolution for using massed groups of citizens to monitor and reform those who are labeled as “class enemies”)

你之前的工作經驗 [MSC, trad.]
你之前的工作经验 [MSC, simp.]
nǐ zhīqián de gōngzuò jīngyàn [Pinyin]
your previous job experience

Verb

經驗

to go through; to experience; to undergo

Synonyms

edit

親自經受／亲自经受 (qīnzì jīngshòu)
履歷／履历 (lǚlì) (literary)
涉歷／涉历 (shèlì) (literary)

經歷／经历 (jīnglì)
閱／阅 (yuè) (literary, or in compounds)
閱歷／阅历 (yuèlì)

Adjective

經驗

(attributive) empirical
經驗科學／经验科学 ― jīngyàn kēxué ― empirical science

Derived terms

直接經驗／直接经验 (zhíjiē jīngyàn)
經驗主義／经验主义 (jīngyànzhǔyì)
經驗值／经验值 (jīngyànzhí)

經驗論／经验论 (jīngyànlùn)
間接經驗／间接经验 (jiànjiē jīngyàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (經驗):

→ Japanese: 経験(けいけん) (keiken)
→ Korean: 경험(經驗) (gyeongheom)
→ Vietnamese: kinh nghiệm (經驗)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
經	驗
けい Hyōgaiji	けん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Noun

經(けい)驗(けん) • (keiken)

Kyūjitai form of 経験: experience (an experience or one's (overall) experience)

Verb

經(けい)驗(けん)する • (keiken suru) suru (stem 經(けい)驗(けん)し (keiken shi), past 經(けい)驗(けん)した (keiken shita))

Kyūjitai form of 経験: to experience

Conjugation

Conjugation of "經驗する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	經驗し	けいけんし	keiken shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	經驗し	けいけんし	keiken shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	經驗する	けいけんする	keiken suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	經驗する	けいけんする	keiken suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	經驗すれ	けいけんすれ	keiken sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	經驗せよ¹ 經驗しろ²	けいけんせよ¹ けいけんしろ²	keiken seyo¹ keiken shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	經驗される	けいけんされる	keiken sareru
Causative	經驗させる經驗さす	けいけんさせるけいけんさす	keiken saseru keiken sasu
Potential	經驗できる	けいけんできる	keiken dekiru
Volitional	經驗しよう	けいけんしよう	keiken shiyō
Negative	經驗しない	けいけんしない	keiken shinai
Negative continuative	經驗せず	けいけんせず	keiken sezu
Formal	經驗します	けいけんします	keiken shimasu
Perfective	經驗した	けいけんした	keiken shita
Conjunctive	經驗して	けいけんして	keiken shite
Hypothetical conditional	經驗すれば	けいけんすれば	keiken sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
經	驗

Noun

經驗 • (gyeongheom) (hangeul 경험)

Hanja form^? of 경험 (“experience”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
經	驗

Noun

經驗

chữ Hán form of kinh nghiệm (“experience”).

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