苦海

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	ocean; sea
trad. (苦海)		苦	海
simp. ^#(苦海)		苦	海

Calque of Sanskrit दुःख समुद्र (duḥkha samudra).

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǔhǎi [Phonetic: kúhǎi]
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄏㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǔhǎi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu³-hai³
  - Yale: kǔ-hǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuhae
  - Palladius: кухай (kuxaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² hoi²
  - Yale: fú hói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² hoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² hoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-hói
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` hoi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ hoi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ hoi̯³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-hái
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-hái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofhae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kou² hai²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khóu hái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ hai⁵²⁻²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²khu-he
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰv̩ʷ³³ he̞⁴⁴/

苦海

(Buddhism or figurative) the sea of bitterness; the ocean of suffering; the abyss of misery; this (weary) world
脫離苦海／脱离苦海 ― tuōlí kǔhǎi ― to escape from the abyss of misery

Sino-Xenic (苦海):