荒ぶ
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 荒 |
| すさ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 荒ぶ – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 荒ぶ, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 荒 |
| あら Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From the stem of adjective 荒らし (arashi, “rough, wild”) + ぶ (-bu, “to act like, to be (of a manner)”, precursor to modern suffix びる (-biru)).[1]
Verb
荒ぶ • (arabu) †nidan
- (archaic) to be wild, to become wild, to be harsh or excessively strong
- Synonym: 荒む (susamu)
- 927 延喜式 (Engishiki, “Procedures of the Engi Era”):
- 四方四角より疎び荒備来む天のまがつひといふ神の言はむ悪事に
- Yomo yosumi yori utobi arabi komu ten no maga tsu hito ifu kami no koto wa mu magakoto ni
- All the gods from every corner of heaven come to say evil things
- 四方四角より疎び荒備来む天のまがつひといふ神の言はむ悪事に
- (archaic) to be neglected, to fall into ruin, to be uncivilized
- 720 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”):
- 夫れ葦原中国は本より荒芒たり。
- Sore Ashihara no Nakatsukuni wa moto yori arabi tari.
- Ashihara no Nakatsukuni [Japan] is becoming less civilized.
- 夫れ葦原中国は本より荒芒たり。
- 720 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”):
- (archaic, of poetry) to lack ornamentation, to be simple, be plain
- 1694, Matsuo Bashō, Rōka ate kyorai chokan [Recurring thoughts on leaving]:
- 俳諧あらび可申候事は、言葉あらく、道具下品の物取出し申候事にては無
- Haikai arabi-ka mōshisōra koto wa, kotoba araku, dōgu gehin no mono toridashi mōshisōra koto nite wa nai
- Haikai is not merely simple construction, rude words, something drawn up with coarse tools
- 俳諧あらび可申候事は、言葉あらく、道具下品の物取出し申候事にては無
-
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "荒ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 荒び | あらび | arabi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 荒び | あらび | arabi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 荒ぶ | あらぶ | arabu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 荒ぶる | あらぶる | araburu |
| Realis (已然形) | 荒ぶれ | あらぶれ | arabure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 荒びよ | あらびよ | arabiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 荒びず | あらびず | arabizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 荒ぶれど | あらぶれど | araburedo |
| Causal conjunction | 荒ぶれば | あらぶれば | arabureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 荒びば | あらびば | arabiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 荒びき | あらびき | arabiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 荒びけり | あらびけり | arabikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 荒びつ | あらびつ | arabitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 荒びぬ | あらびぬ | arabinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 荒びたり | あらびたり | arabitari |
| Volitional | 荒びむ | あらびむ | arabimu |
Related terms
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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