菊花

Chinese

		chrysanthemum	flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern
trad. (菊花)		菊	花
simp. ^#(菊花)		菊	花

菊花

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): júhuā

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ

(Chengdu, SP): ju² hua¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ faa¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'jiuh⁶ fa¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiuk-fâ

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiug⁵ fa¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴ hua¹
Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̆-huá
Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳk-huă
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiok-hoe / kiok-hoa / kak-hoe / kek-hoe / kek-hoa

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêg⁴ huê¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁴jyq-ho; ⁴jioq-ho
Xiang (Wiktionary): ju⁶ fa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: júhuā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhua
  - Wade–Giles: chü²-hua¹
  - Yale: jyú-hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhua
  - Palladius: цзюйхуа (czjujxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ xwä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: júhuār
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhuar
  - Wade–Giles: chü²-huarh¹
  - Yale: jyú-hwār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhual
  - Palladius: цзюйхуар (czjujxuar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ xwɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ju² hua¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gyxua
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹ xua⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: guk¹ faa¹
  - Yale: gūk fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ faː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'jiuh⁶ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈt͡ɕiuʔ⁵ fa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiug` fa´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² fa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiug⁵ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰiʊk̚¹ fa⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jyeh⁴ hua¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ xua¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̆-huá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²⁴ xua⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳk-huă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: kiok-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: kiok-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /kiɔk̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: kak-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kakhoef
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: kik-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kek̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: kik-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoaf
  - IPA (Penang): /kek̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/

Note:

Taiwan:
- kiok-hoe/kek-hoe - colloquial;
- kiok-hoa - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêg⁴ huê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kek hue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kek̚²⁻⁴ hue³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ⁴jyq-ho; ⁴jioq-ho
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥ̯ɪʔ³³ ho⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕi̯ʊʔ³³ ho⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ju⁶ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕu²⁴ ɸa̠³³/

Middle Chinese: /kɨuk̚ hˠua/

Rime
Character	菊	花
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	居六切	呼瓜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/	/hˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/	/hʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/	/xua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/	/hwaɨ/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/	/xua/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/	/xwa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/	/xwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	huā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹	faa¹

Noun

菊花

chrysanthemum (plant, flower)
(slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole

Synonyms

(chrysanthemum):

edit

Synonyms of 菊花

九花 (jiǔhuā)
家菊 (jiājú) (literary)
延年 (yánnián) (literary)
日精 (rìjīng) (literary)
秋菊 (qiūjú) (literary)
菊 (jú) (literary, or in compounds)
金英 (jīnyīng) (literary)

陶菊 (táojú) (literary)
九花兒／九花儿 (jiǔhuār) (Beijing)
壽客／寿客 (shòukè) (literary)
女華／女华 (nǚhuá) (literary)
隱逸花／隐逸花 (yǐnyìhuā) (literary)
黃華／黄华 (huánghuá) (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 菊花 (“chrysanthemum”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		菊花
Mandarin	Beijing	菊花兒, 九花兒
	Taiwan	菊花
	Tianjin	菊花兒
	Langfang	菊花兒
	Chengde	菊花
	Tangshan	菊花, 菊花兒
	Cangzhou	菊花兒
	Baoding	菊花兒, 平安
	Shijiazhuang	菊花兒
	Daming	菊花兒
	Chifeng	菊花
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	菊花
	Heihe	菊花
	Qiqihar	菊花
	Harbin	菊花兒
	Jiamusi	菊花
	Baicheng	菊花
	Changchun	菊花
	Tonghua	菊花
	Shenyang	菊花
	Dandong	菊花兒
	Jinzhou	菊花
	Dalian	菊花兒
	Yantai	菊花兒
	Yantai (Muping)	菊花兒
	Qingdao	菊花兒
	Lijin	菊花兒
	Zhucheng	菊花
	Jinan	菊花
	Jining	菊花
	Luoyang	菊花兒
	Wanrong	菊花
	Shangqiu	菊花
	Yuanyang	菊花
	Zhengzhou	菊花兒
	Lingbao	菊花
	Xinyang	菊花兒
	Baihe	菊花
	Hanzhong	菊花
	Xi'an	菊花
	Baoji	菊花
	Yinchuan	菊花
	Tianshui	菊花
	Lanzhou	菊花
	Dunhuang	菊花
	Xining	菊花
	Hami	菊花
	Ürümqi	菊花, 菊花兒
	Wuhan	菊花
	Yichang	菊花
	Xiangyang	菊花
	Tianmen	菊花
	Hong'an	菊花
	Chengdu	菊花
	Nanchong	菊花
	Dazhou	菊花
	Hanyuan	菊花
	Xichang	菊花
	Zigong	菊花
	Chongqing	菊花
	Guiyang	菊花
	Zunyi	菊花
	Bijie	菊花
	Liping	菊花
Zhaotong	菊花
Dali	菊花
Kunming	菊花
Mengzi	菊花
Guilin	菊花
Liuzhou	菊花
Nanning (Wuming)	菊花
Jishou	菊花
Changde	菊花
Anqing	菊花
Xuzhou	菊花
Fuyang	菊花
Wuhu	菊花
Yangzhou	菊花
Lianyungang	菊花
Lianshui	菊花
Nanjing	菊花
Hefei	菊花
Nantong	菊花
Singapore	菊花
Cantonese	Guangzhou	菊花
	Hong Kong	菊花
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	菊花
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	菊花
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	菊花
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	菊花
	Macau	菊花
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	菊花
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	菊花
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	菊花
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	菊花
	Foshan	菊花
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	菊花
	Foshan (Shunde)	菊花
	Foshan (Sanshui)	菊花
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	菊花
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	菊花
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	菊花
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	菊花
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	菊花
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	菊花
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	菊花
	Taishan	菊花
	Taishan (Guanghai)	菊花
	Kaiping (Chikan)	菊花
	Enping (Niujiang)	菊花
	Heshan (Yayao)	菊花
	Dongguan	菊花
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	菊花
	Yangjiang	菊花
	Nanning	菊花
	Wuzhou	菊花
	Yulin	菊花
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	菊花
	Hepu (Shatian)	菊花
	Beihai	菊花
	Beihai (Nankang)	菊花
	Beihai (Yingpan)	菊花
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	菊花
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	菊花
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	菊花
	Sarikei (Xinhui)	菊花
	Singapore (Guangfu)	菊花
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	菊花
	Móng Cái	菊花
	Mandalay (Taishan)	菊花
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	菊花
Gan	Nanchang	菊花
	Lichuan	菊花
	Pingxiang	菊花
Hakka	Meixian	菊花
	Dabu (Xihe)	菊花
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	菊花
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	菊花
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	菊花
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	菊花
	Conghua (Lütian)	菊花
	Yongding (Xiayang)	菊花
	Yudu	菊花
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	菊花
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	菊花
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	菊
	Hong Kong	菊花
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	菊花
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	菊花
	Senai (Huiyang)	菊花
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	菊花
Huizhou	Jixi	菊花
Huizhou	Shexian	菊花
Jin	Taiyuan	菊花
	Pingyao	菊花
	Yangyuan	菊花兒
	Datong	菊花兒
	Xinzhou	菊花兒
	Lishi	菊花
	Linfen	菊花
	Changzhi	菊花兒
	Linhe	菊花
	Jining	菊花
	Hohhot	菊花
	Erenhot	菊花
	Pingshan	菊花兒
	Zhangjiakou	菊花
	Handan	菊花, 菊花兒
	Linzhou	菊花兒
	Suide	菊花兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	菊花
Min Dong	Fuzhou	菊花
	Fuqing	菊花
	Cangnan	菊花
Min Nan	Xiamen	菊花
	Quanzhou	菊花
	Zhangzhou	菊花
	Zhao'an	菊花
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	菊花
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	菊仔花
	Kaohsiung	菊仔花
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	菊仔花, 菊花
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	菊仔花
	Yilan (Toucheng)	菊仔花
	Tainan	菊花, 菊仔, 菊仔花
	Tainan (Anping)	菊花
	Penghu (Xiyu)	菊花
	Penang (Hokkien)	菊花
	Singapore (Hokkien)	菊花
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	菊花
	Chaozhou	菊花
	Bangkok (Teochew)	菊花
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	菊花
	Haikou	菊花
Min Zhong	Yong'an	菊花
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	菊花
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	菊花
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	菊花
Wu	Shanghai	菊花
	Shanghai (Chongming)	菊花
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	菊花
	Suzhou	菊花
	Danyang	菊花
	Hangzhou	菊花
	Ningbo	菊花
	Wenzhou	菊花
	Jinhua	菊花
Xiang	Changsha	菊花
	Loudi	菊花
	Shuangfeng	菊花
	Quanzhou	菊花

(anus):

Dialectal synonyms of 肛門 (“anus”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		肛門
Mandarin	Beijing	屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 屁股門兒, 眼子
	Taiwan	屁眼
	Tianjin	屁眼兒
	Harbin	屁眼兒, 屁眼子, 屁門子, 腚眼子
	Yantai (Muping)	腚格眼子
	Jinan	腚眼, 腚眼子, 腚眼兒, 糞門 Hui
	Luoyang	屁股眼兒
	Wanrong	溝子門
	Xi'an	溝門子
	Yinchuan	溝門子
	Lanzhou	溝門子
	Xining	溝門子
	Ürümqi	溝門眼子
	Wuhan	屁眼, 屁股門
	Chengdu	屁眼兒, 屁兒㞘㞘, 屁兒
	Guiyang	屁眼
	Guilin	屁眼
	Liuzhou	屁股眼
	Xuzhou	腚眼兒, 腚眼子, 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 屁眼子, 屁股眼子, 糞門, 腚門子
	Yangzhou	屁眼
	Nanjing	屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 糞門
	Nantong	屁眼兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	屎窟窿, 菊花
	Hong Kong	屎窟窿, 噼噼窿, 屎眼, 菊花 slang
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	屎窟窿
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	屎窟窿
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	屎窟窿
	Dongguan	屎窟窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	屎窟窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	屎窟窿
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	屎窟窿
Gan	Nanchang	屁眼
	Lichuan	屎窟
	Pingxiang	屁股眼
Hakka	Meixian	屎窟門
	Xingning	屎窟眼
	Huidong (Daling)	屎窟門
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	屎窟
	Wengyuan	屎窟
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	屎窟門
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	屎窟
	Liannan	屎窟
	Jiexi	屎窟空
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	屎窟窿
	Changting	屎窟窿
	Wuping	屎窟窿
	Wuping (Yanqian)	屎胈窿
	Wuping (Pingyu)	屎窟眼
	Liancheng	屎窟窿
	Ninghua	屎窟眼
	Yudu	屎窟眼
	Ningdu	屎窟窿
	Ruijin	屎窟眼
	Shicheng	屎窟眼
	Shangyou (Shexi)	屎窟眼
	Tonggu (Sandu)	屁股眼
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	屎眼
	Dayu	屎窟眼
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	糞門, 屎窟門, 屎窟空
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	糞門, 屎窟門, 屎窟空
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	屎窟空
	Hong Kong	屎窟門
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	屎窟窿
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	屎窟
	Xinyi (Sihe)	屎窟窿
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	屎窟窿
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	屎窟窿
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	屎窟窿
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	屎窟窿
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	屎窟窿
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	屎窟
	Mengshan (Xihe)	屎窟眼
	Luchuan	屎窟窿
	Mashan (Pianlian)	屎窟窿
	Senai (Huiyang)	屎窟窿
	Singkawang	屎窟空
Huizhou	Jixi	屁股窿
	Shexian	屁股眼
	Tunxi	屎窟眼兒
Jin	Taiyuan	屁眼
Jin	Xinzhou	屁眼, 屁窟
Min Bei	Jian'ou	腠䫌川, 腠川
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	腠貢
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	屎窟門
	Pucheng (Shibei)	屎窟川
Min Dong	Fuzhou	股川空
Min Dong	Fuqing	股川空
Min Nan	Xiamen	尻川頭, 尻川口, 糞口, 尾口
	Quanzhou	尻川頭, 尻川口, 糞口, 尾口, 尻川斗
	Zhangzhou	糞口, 尾口
	Yunxiao	尻川
	Zhao'an	尻川
	Dongshan	尻川空
	Taipei	尻川頭, 雨傘襇
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	雨傘襇
	Kaohsiung	尻川頭
	Yilan	尻川斗, 雨傘襇
	Changhua (Lukang)	尻川頭
	Taichung	尻川頭
	Tainan	雨傘襇
	Hsinchu	尻川口, 尻川頭
	Kinmen	尻川口
	Penghu (Magong)	糞口
	Penang (Hokkien)	尻川空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	尻川空
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	尻川空
	Guilin (Biyange)	尻川門
	Shantou	尻川
	Jieyang	尻川
	Haifeng	尻川, 繭
	Bangkok (Teochew)	尻川
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	肛門
	Leizhou	尻川空, 尻川門
	Haikou	尻川門
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	屎窟窿, 屎窟, 屁股窿
Wu	Shanghai	屁眼, 洞疘, 臀疘
	Shanghai (Chongming)	洞疘
	Suzhou	屎眼, 屎孔
	Wuxi	洞疘
	Danyang	洞疘, 屁眼
	Hangzhou	屁股眼兒, 洞疘
	Ningbo	屁眼
	Wenzhou	臀卵孔頭, 臀卵孔, 臀卵髀頭兒, 屙臀孔
	Jinhua	屁股洞
Xiang	Changsha	屁眼
	Xiangtan	屁眼
	Loudi	屁眼

Derived terms

爆菊 (bàojú)
爆菊花 (bào júhuā)
菊花王朝 (Júhuā Wángcháo)

菊花茶 (júhuā chá)
菊花酒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菊花):

→ Japanese: 菊(きく)花(か) (kikuka); 菊(きっ)花(か) (kikka)
→ Korean: 국화(菊花) (gukhwa)

Others：

→ Thai: เก๊กฮวย (géek-huai) (via Teochew)
→ Lü: ᦋᦲᧉᦩᦱᧈ (tsii²xwaa¹)
→ Malay: kékwa

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
菊	花
きく Grade: S	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) きくか [kìkúká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) きくか [kìkúꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲikɯ̟ᵝka̠]

Noun

菊(きく)花(か) • (kikuka) ^{←きくくわ (kikukwa)^?}

chrysanthemum flower

Synonyms

菊(きく) (kiku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
菊	花
きく > きっ Grade: S	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) きっか [kìkká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) きっか [kíꜜkkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲik̚ka̠]

Noun

菊(きっ)花(か) • (kikka) ^{←きくくわ (kikukwa)^?}

chrysanthemum flower

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
菊	花

Noun

菊花 • (gukhwa) (hangeul 국화)

Hanja form^? of 국화 (“chrysanthemum flower”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN