虐

虐 U+8650, 虐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8650
← 虏
[U+864F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 虑 →
[U+8651]

虐 U+2F9B3, 虐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B3
← 䕫
[U+2F9B2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 虜 →
[U+2F9B4]

Translingual

Han character

虐 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心尸一 (YPSM), four-corner 21211, composition ⿸虍𰀂(GHTKV) or ⿸虍𰀄(J))

References

Chinese
trad. 虐
simp. # 虐
2nd round simp. 𰀂
alternative forms
 
𩁿
䖋
䖈
𧆱
𧆩
𩁿
䖋
䖈
𧆱
𧆩
𧆧
𧆝
䨋
𣑅
𣑾

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (虐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
虐 *ŋawɢ
瘧 *ŋawɢ
謔 *hŋawɢ

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 虎 (“tiger”) + 人 (“person”).

Etymology

Possibly related to 謔 (OC *hŋawɢ, “to ridicule”) (Bodman, 1980).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ieh4 - literary;
  • nieh4 - vernacular.
Note:
  • gio̍k/gia̍k - literary;
  • lio̍k/jio̍k, ge̍k - vernacular;
  • gio̍h - vernacular (e.g. 礙虐).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 虐
Mandarin Beijing /nyɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iau⁵³/
/nyɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /niɑu⁵³/
/nye⁵³/
Jinan /yə²¹/
Qingdao /yə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yo²⁴/
Xi'an /yo²¹/
Xining /ȵyu²⁴/
Yinchuan /nye¹³/
Lanzhou /yə¹³/
/miə¹³/
Ürümqi /yɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /nio²¹³/
Chengdu /nyo³¹/
Guiyang /nio²¹/
Kunming /nio³¹/
Nanjing /loʔ⁵/
Hefei /lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /ȵyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /niaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiaʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /niɔ²²/
Tunxi /ȵio¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵio²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋiok̚¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jœk̚²/
Nanning /nœk̚²²/
Hong Kong /jœk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giɔk̚⁵/
/liɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋyoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋiɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋiak̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /niɔk̚³/
Rime
Character 虐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陽 (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚約切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɨak̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiak̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 joek6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 虐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nüè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjak ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ](r)awk/
English cruel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 虐
Reading # 1/1
No. 9636
Phonetic
component		 虐
Rime
group		 藥
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 虐
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋawɢ/

Definitions

虐

  1. cruel; tyrannical; oppressive
  2. to abuse; to maltreat
  3. (literary) disaster; calamity, catastrophe

Compounds
Derived terms from 虐

Japanese
Shinjitai 虐
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
虐󠄁
虐+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
虐󠄃
虐+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
虐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize

Readings

Compounds

References
  1. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “虐”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1061 (paper), page 543 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 악 (ak) based on Middle Chinese 虐 (MC ŋɨɐk̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: ngak)

Pronunciation

Hanja

虐 (eum 학 (hak))

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Vietnamese

Han character

虐: Hán Nôm readings: ngược, ngước

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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