許嫁
Chinese
to allow; to permit; to praise to allow; to permit; to praise; surname |
marry (a husband) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (許嫁) | 許 | 嫁 | |
| simp. (许嫁) | 许 | 嫁 | |
Pronunciation
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 許 | 嫁 |
| いいなずけ | |
| Grade: 5 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun | |
*/ipinaduke/ → /ifinad͡zuke/ → /iːnazuke/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 言い名付く (iinazuku), modern 言い名付ける (iinazukeru, “to betroth someone, to engage someone to be married, to take someone as a fiancé / fiancée”, literally “to name someone out loud”).[1][2][3][4]
The kanji compound is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 許嫁/许嫁 (xǔjià).
Noun
Verb
許嫁する • (iinazuke suru) ←いひばづけ (ifibaduke)?suru (stem 許嫁し (iinazuke shi), past 許嫁した (iinazuke shita))
- (historical) to arrange an engagement, whereby both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 許嫁し | いいなずけし | īnazuke shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 許嫁し | いいなずけし | īnazuke shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 許嫁する | いいなずけする | īnazuke suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 許嫁する | いいなずけする | īnazuke suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 許嫁すれ | いいなずけすれ | īnazuke sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ² |
いいなずけせよ¹ いいなずけしろ² |
īnazuke seyo¹ īnazuke shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 許嫁される | いいなずけされる | īnazuke sareru | |
| Causative | 許嫁させる 許嫁さす |
いいなずけさせる いいなずけさす |
īnazuke saseru īnazuke sasu | |
| Potential | 許嫁できる | いいなずけできる | īnazuke dekiru | |
| Volitional | 許嫁しよう | いいなずけしよう | īnazuke shiyō | |
| Negative | 許嫁しない | いいなずけしない | īnazuke shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 許嫁せず | いいなずけせず | īnazuke sezu | |
| Formal | 許嫁します | いいなずけします | īnazuke shimasu | |
| Perfective | 許嫁した | いいなずけした | īnazuke shita | |
| Conjunctive | 許嫁して | いいなずけして | īnazuke shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 許嫁すれば | いいなずけすれば | īnazuke sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 許 | 嫁 |
| ゆいなずけ | |
| Grade: 5 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun | |
Irregular shift from iinazuke above,[2] apparently influenced by the alternative yui reading for root verb stem 言う (ii, standard reading), and possibly also influenced by 結い (yui, “knot; binding together”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 結う (yuu, “to tie a knot; to bind together”)).
Usage notes
This reading appears to be rare. The senses are all the same as for iinazuke above.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 許 | 嫁 |
| きょ Grade: 5 |
か Grade: S |
| on’yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 許嫁 (MC hɨʌX kˠaH, “permitted; betrothed + marriage”).
Noun
許嫁 • (kyoka)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 許嫁し | きょかし | kyoka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 許嫁し | きょかし | kyoka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 許嫁する | きょかする | kyoka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 許嫁する | きょかする | kyoka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 許嫁すれ | きょかすれ | kyoka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ² |
きょかせよ¹ きょかしろ² |
kyoka seyo¹ kyoka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 許嫁される | きょかされる | kyoka sareru | |
| Causative | 許嫁させる 許嫁さす |
きょかさせる きょかさす |
kyoka saseru kyoka sasu | |
| Potential | 許嫁できる | きょかできる | kyoka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 許嫁しよう | きょかしよう | kyoka shiyō | |
| Negative | 許嫁しない | きょかしない | kyoka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 許嫁せず | きょかせず | kyoka sezu | |
| Formal | 許嫁します | きょかします | kyoka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 許嫁した | きょかした | kyoka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 許嫁して | きょかして | kyoka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 許嫁すれば | きょかすれば | kyoka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN