詩歌

See also: 诗歌

Chinese

	poem; poetry; verse	song
trad. (詩歌)	詩	歌
simp. (诗歌)	诗	歌
alternative forms	詩哥／诗哥 obsolete
anagram	歌詩／歌诗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shīgē

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄍㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹ go¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂-kô
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): si-koa / si-ko

(Teochew, Peng'im): si¹ go¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹sr-ku

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shīgē
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄍㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shihge
  - Wade–Giles: shih¹-ko¹
  - Yale: shr̄-gē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyge
  - Palladius: шигэ (šigɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: si¹ go¹
  - Yale: sī gō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si¹ go¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi¹ go¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂-kô
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii´ go´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si¹ go¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-koa
  - Tâi-lô: si-kua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: si'koaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕi³³ kua³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕi⁴⁴⁻³³ kua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-ko
  - Tâi-lô: si-ko
  - Phofsit Daibuun: si'koy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si¹ go¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si ko
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³⁻²³ ko³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹sr-ku
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵ kv̩ʷ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨ kɑ/

Rime
Character	詩	歌
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	書之切	古俄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨ/	/kɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨ/	/kɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕie/	/kɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨ/	/ka/
Li Rong	/ɕiə/	/kɑ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭə/	/kɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi/	/kɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shī	gē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si¹	go¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tə [k]ˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljɯ kaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	詩	歌
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shī	gē
Middle Chinese	‹ syi ›	‹ ka ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tə/	/*[k]ˁaj/
English	poetry	sing, song
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	詩	歌
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12052	7438
Phonetic component	寺	可
Rime group	之	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	詩	歌
Old Chinese	/*hljɯ/	/*kaːl/

Noun

詩歌

(literature) poetry; poem (Classifier: 首 m c)
詩歌朗誦／诗歌朗诵 ― shīgē lǎngsòng ― poetry recital
(religion) hymn (Classifier: 首 m c)

Synonyms

(literary or Min Nan) 歌詩／歌诗 (gēshī)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (詩歌):

→ Japanese: 詩(しい)歌(か) (shīka)
→ Korean: 시가(詩歌) (siga)
→ Vietnamese: thi ca (詩歌)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
詩	歌
し > しい Grade: 3	か Grade: 2
irregular	on’yomi

Alternative spelling
詩哥

/ɕika/ → /ɕiːka/

Shift from older shika below. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Now the 慣用読み (kan'yōyomi, “common reading”) form, possibly to avoid confusion with homophones.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Kan’yōyomi

(Tokyo) しいか [shíꜜìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
IPA^(key): [ɕiːka̠]

Noun

詩(しい)歌(か) • (shīka)

Japanese and Chinese poetry
(poetry) a rhymed poem (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Derived terms

詩歌(しいか)合(あ)わせ (shīka-awase)
詩歌(しいか)管弦(かんげん), 詩歌(しいか)管絃(かんげん) (shīka kangen)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
詩	歌
し Grade: 3	か Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 詩歌 (MC ɕɨ kɑ). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) しか [shíꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
IPA^(key): [ɕika̠]

Noun

詩(し)歌(か) • (shika)

(obsolete) Japanese and Chinese poetry
(poetry, obsolete) a rhymed poem (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Derived terms

詩歌(しか)合(あ)わせ (shika-awase)

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
詩	歌

Noun

詩歌 • (siga) (hangeul 시가)

Hanja form^? of 시가 (“poem”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
詩	歌

Noun

詩歌

chữ Hán form of thơ ca (“poetry”).

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[1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[2] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN