谷風

Chinese

		valley	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (谷風)		谷	風
simp. (谷风^*)		谷	风
alternative forms		穀風／谷风

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔfēng

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄈㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ fung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔfēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄈㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔfong
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-fêng¹
  - Yale: gǔ-fēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guufeng
  - Palladius: гуфэн (gufɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: guk¹ fung¹
  - Yale: gūk fūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ fung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ fung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kuk̚ pɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	谷	風
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (3)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古禄切	方戎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuk̚/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹	fung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤok prəm/

(Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	谷	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwk ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁok/	/*prəm/
English	valley	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷	風
Reading #	2/3	1/2
No.	4299	2921
Phonetic component	谷	凡
Rime group	屋	侵
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	穀	風
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/	/*plum/

Noun

谷風

(Classical Chinese) easterly; wind blowing from the east
- 習習谷風，以陰以雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  习习谷风，以阴以雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Xíxí gǔfēng, yǐ yīn yǐ yǔ. [Pinyin]
  Gently blows the east wind, with cloudy skies and with rain.
(Classical Chinese) wind in the valley

Synonyms

(easterly): 東風／东风 (dōngfēng)

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