開通

See also: 开通

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open
trad. (開通)		開	通
simp. (开通)		开	通

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāitōng

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞㄊㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ tung¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khai-thong / khui-thong

(Teochew, Peng'im): kai¹ tong¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāitōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞㄊㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kaitong
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-tʻung¹
  - Yale: kāi-tūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaitong
  - Palladius: кайтун (kajtun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Yale: hōi tūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khai-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khui-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qui'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kai¹ tong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khai thong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ³³/

Verb

開通

to remove obstacles from; to dredge; to clear
(of a road) to become open to traffic
(Internet, of a website) to become open to traffic
to inspire; to enlighten
to enable; to accept; to authorize

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāitong

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ tung¹
Min Nan (POJ): khai-thong / khui-thong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāitong
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kaito̊ng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-tʻung⁵
  - Yale: kāi-tung
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai.tong
  - Palladius: кайтун (kajtun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Yale: hōi tūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khai-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khui-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qui'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

Adjective

開通

enlightened; liberal; open-minded
總的來說，我這一代還算比較開通。 [MSC, trad.]
总的来说，我这一代还算比较开通。 [MSC, simp.]
Zǒngdeláishuō, wǒ zhè yīdài hái suàn bǐjiào kāitōng. [Pinyin]
Generally speaking, my generation can be considered quite open-minded.

Synonyms

通達／通达 (tōngdá)
進步／进步 (jìnbù)

開明／开明 (kāimíng)

Antonyms

保守 (bǎoshǒu)
守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù)
落後／落后 (luòhòu)

閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
頑固／顽固 (wángù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
開	通
かい Grade: 3	つう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

開(かい)通(つう) • (kaitsū)

opening to traffic

Verb

開(かい)通(つう)する • (kaitsū suru) intransitive suru (stem 開(かい)通(つう)し (kaitsū shi), past 開(かい)通(つう)した (kaitsū shita))

open to traffic

Conjugation

Conjugation of "開通する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	開通し	かいつうし	kaitsū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	開通し	かいつうし	kaitsū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	開通する	かいつうする	kaitsū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	開通する	かいつうする	kaitsū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	開通すれ	かいつうすれ	kaitsū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	開通せよ¹ 開通しろ²	かいつうせよ¹ かいつうしろ²	kaitsū seyo¹ kaitsū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	開通される	かいつうされる	kaitsū sareru
Causative	開通させる開通さす	かいつうさせるかいつうさす	kaitsū saseru kaitsū sasu
Potential	開通できる	かいつうできる	kaitsū dekiru
Volitional	開通しよう	かいつうしよう	kaitsū shiyō
Negative	開通しない	かいつうしない	kaitsū shinai
Negative continuative	開通せず	かいつうせず	kaitsū sezu
Formal	開通します	かいつうします	kaitsū shimasu
Perfective	開通した	かいつうした	kaitsū shita
Conjunctive	開通して	かいつうして	kaitsū shite
Hypothetical conditional	開通すれば	かいつうすれば	kaitsū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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