鯉

See also: 鲤
鯉 U+9BC9, 鯉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BC9
← 鯈
[U+9BC8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鯊 →
[U+9BCA]

Translingual

Han character
Stroke order
18 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
18 strokes

鯉 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 弓火田土 (NFWG), four-corner 26314, composition ⿰魚里)

References
  • KangXi: page 1471, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46182
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4691, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9BC9

Chinese
trad. 鯉
simp. 鲤

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埋 *mrɯː
霾 *mrɯː
薶 *mrɯː
榸 *ʔr'ɯː
厘 *rɯ
狸 *rɯ
貍 *p·rɯ
梩 *rɯ
艃 *rɯ
里 *rɯʔ
理 *rɯʔ
鯉 *rɯʔ
俚 *rɯʔ
悝 *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌 *rɯʔ
裏 *rɯʔ
荲 *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely.

Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”).

See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • dì - vernacular;
  • lǐ - literary.
Note:
  • lí - literary;
  • lē/lě, tāi/tai/tâi/tǎi - vernacular (often written as 鮘 or 𩸙).
Rime
Character 鯉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 良士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɨX/
Li
Rong		 /liəX/
Wang
Li		 /lĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /liX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 lei5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鯉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ liX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mə-rəʔ/
English carp (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鯉
Reading # 1/1
No. 7828
Phonetic
component		 里
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 里
Old
Chinese		 /*rɯʔ/

Definitions

鯉

  1. carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
  2. (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence
  3. (literary, figuratively) messenger

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 鯉魚 (“carp”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 鯉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鯉魚, 鯉
Taxonomic name 鯉
Mandarin Beijing 鯉魚
Taiwan 鯉魚
Tianjin 拐子
Harbin 鯉子, 鯉魚
Yantai (Muping) 鯉魚
Jinan 鯉魚
Luoyang 鯉魚
Xi'an 鯉魚
Yinchuan 鯉魚
Lanzhou 鯉魚
Xining 鯉魚
Ürümqi 鯉魚
Wuhan 鯉魚
Chengdu 鯉魚
Guiyang 鯉魚
Liuzhou 鯉魚
Xuzhou 鯉魚, 紅魚
Yangzhou 鯉魚, 龍魚, 花魚
Nanjing 鯉魚
Hefei 鯉魚
Singapore 鯉魚
Cantonese Guangzhou 鯉魚
Hong Kong 鯉魚
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 鯉魚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 鯉魚
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 鯉魚
Dongguan 鯉魚
Yangjiang 鯉魚
Gan Nanchang 鯉魚
Lichuan 鯉魚
Pingxiang 鯉魚
Hakka Meixian 鯉魚, 鯉仔
Yudu 鯉魚, 鯉子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鯉魚, 鯉嫲
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鯉
Hong Kong 鯉嫲
Huizhou Jixi 鯉魚
Jin Taiyuan 鯉魚
Xinzhou 鯉魚
Min Bei Jian'ou 鯉仔
Min Dong Fuzhou 鯉魚
Min Nan Xiamen 鯉魚, 鮘魚
Quanzhou 鯉魚
Zhangzhou 鮘仔魚, 鮘仔, 鯉魚
Taipei 鮘魚
Taipei (Wanhua) 鮘仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 鮘仔
Kaohsiung 鮘仔, 鯉魚, 鮘仔魚
Yilan 鮘魚, 鯉魚, 鮘仔魚
Changhua (Lukang) 鮘魚, 鯉魚
Taichung 烏鮘仔, 鯉魚, 鮘仔魚
Taichung (Wuqi) 鮘仔魚
Tainan 鮘仔魚, 鯉魚, 鮘仔
Taitung 鮘仔
Hsinchu 鯉魚, 鮘仔, 鮘仔魚
Kinmen 鯉魚
Penghu (Magong) 鮘魚, 鯉魚
Chaozhou 鯉魚
Haikou 鯉魚
Puxian Min Putian 鯉魚
Putian (Donghai) 鯉魚
Putian (Jiangkou) 鯉魚
Putian (Nanri) 鯉魚
Xianyou 鯉魚
Xianyou (Fengting) 鯉魚
Xianyou (Youyang) 鯉魚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鯉魚
Wu Shanghai 鯉魚, 元寶魚
Shanghai (Chongming) 鯉魚
Suzhou 鯉魚
Danyang 鯉魚
Hangzhou 鯉魚, 鯉拐兒
Ningbo 元寶魚, 鯉魚
Wenzhou 鯉魚
Jinhua 鯉魚
Xiang Changsha 鯉魚, 鯉滑子
Loudi 鯉魚
Shuangfeng 鯉魚

Compounds
  • 乘鯉／乘鲤
  • 九鯉湖／九鲤湖
  • 冰鯉／冰鲤
  • 剖鯉／剖鲤
  • 孔鯉過庭／孔鲤过庭
  • 尺鯉／尺鲤
  • 控鯉／控鲤
  • 文鯉／文鲤
  • 朱砂鯉／朱砂鲤
  • 朱鯉／朱鲤
  • 江鯉／江鲤
  • 炰鱉膾鯉／炰鳖脍鲤
  • 烹鯉／烹鲤
  • 王字鯉／王字鲤
  • 琴高乘鯉／琴高乘鲤
  • 素鯉／素鲤
  • 臥冰求鯉／卧冰求鲤
  • 角鯉／角鲤
  • 贈鯉／赠鲤
  • 赤鯉／赤鲤
  • 赬鯉／赪鲤
  • 躍鯉／跃鲤
  • 遺鯉／遗鲤
  • 錦鯉／锦鲤 (jǐnlǐ)
  • 陵鯉／陵鲤
  • 雙鯉／双鲤 (shuānglǐ)
  • 雙鯉魚／双鲤鱼 (shuānglǐyú)
  • 駕鯉／驾鲤
  • 騎赤鯉／骑赤鲤
  • 鯉子／鲤子
  • 鯉對／鲤对
  • 鯉庭／鲤庭
  • 鯉書／鲤书
  • 鯉溪／鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
  • 鯉簰／鲤簰
  • 鯉素／鲤素
  • 鯉腸／鲤肠
  • 鯉趨／鲤趋
  • 鯉風／鲤风
  • 鯉魚／鲤鱼 (lǐyú)
  • 鯉魚風／鲤鱼风
  • 鯪鯉／鲮鲤 (línglǐ)
  • 鰻鯉／鳗鲤
  • 鱸鯉／鲈鲤
  • 鴻消鯉息／鸿消鲤息
  • 黃鯉／黄鲤
  • 龍鯉／龙鲤 (lónglǐ)

Japanese

Kanji
鯉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
鯉
こい
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/ko1pi1/ → /kopi/ → /kofi/ → */kowi/ → /koi/

From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki.

Pronunciation

Noun

鯉(こい) • (koi) ←こひ (kofi)?

  1. carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Usage notes
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コイ.

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms

See also

Proper noun

鯉(こい) • (Koi) ←こひ (kofi)?

  1. a surname

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鯉: Hán Nôm readings: lí

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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