말하다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: mǎl-hòtá), equivalent to modern 말 (mal, “word”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈma̠(ː)ɾɦa̠da̠]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [말(ː)하다]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?malhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?malhada
McCune–Reischauer?marhada
Yale Romanization?māl.hata

Verb

말하다 • (malhada) (infinitive 말해 or 말하여, sequential 말하니) (transitive or intransitive)

  1. to speak, to talk
    한국어로 말하자!
    Han'gugeo-ro mal-haja!
    Let's talk in Korean! (colloquial)
    날 사랑한다고 말해줘.
    Nal sarang-han-dago mal-haejwo.
    Tell me you love me. (colloquial)
  2. to explain (by talking)
    이 상황을 어떻게 말해야지?
    I sanghwang-eul eotteoke malhaeyaji?
    How do I explain this situation? (colloquial)
    왕 씨는 그 지역이 어떻게 변화했는지에 대해서 말했다.
    Wang ssi-neun geu jiyeog-i eotteoke byeonhwa-haen-neunji-e dae-haeseo mal-haetda.
    Wang spoke of how the area had changed.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 말하다 (malhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 말한다
malhanda		 말해
malhae		 말해요
malhaeyo		 말합니다
malhamnida
Past 말했다
malhaetda		 말했어
malhaesseo		 말했어요
malhaesseoyo		 말했습니다
malhaetseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 말하느냐
malhaneunya		 말해
malhae		 말해요
malhaeyo		 말합니까
malhamnikka
Past 말했느냐
malhaenneunya		 말했어
malhaesseo		 말했어요
malhaesseoyo		 말했습니까
malhaetseumnikka
Hortative 말하자
malhaja		말해
malhae		말해요
malhaeyo		말합시다
malhapsida
Imperative 말해라, 말하여라
malhaera, malhayeora		말해
malhae		말해요
malhaeyo		말합시오
malhapsio
Assertive 말하겠다
malhagetda		말하겠어
malhagesseo		말하겠어요
malhagesseoyo		말하겠습니다
malhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 말해
malhae		말해서, 말하여서
malhaeseo, malhayeoseo		말하니
malhani		말하니까
malhanikka
Contrast 말하지만
malhajiman		말하는데
malhaneunde		말하더니
malhadeoni
Conjunction 말하고
malhago
Condition 말하면
malhamyeon		말해야, 말하여야
malhaeya, malhayeoya
Motive 말하려고
malharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 말함
malham		말하기
malhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns 말했음, 말하였음
malhaesseum, malhayeosseum		말했기, 말하였기
malhaetgi, malhayeotgi
Determiners Past 말한
malhan
Present 말하는
malhaneun
Future 말할
malhal
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 말하신다
malhasinda		 말하셔
malhasyeo		 말하세요, 말하셔요
malhaseyo, malhasyeoyo		 말하십니다
malhasimnida
Past 말하셨다
malhasyeotda		 말하셨어
malhasyeosseo		 말하셨어요
malhasyeosseoyo		 말하셨습니다
malhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 말하시느냐
malhasineunya		 말하셔
malhasyeo		 말하세요, 말하셔요
malhaseyo, malhasyeoyo		 말하십니까
malhasimnikka
Past 말하셨느냐
malhasyeonneunya		 말하셨어
malhasyeosseo		 말하셨어요
malhasyeosseoyo		 말하셨습니까
malhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative 말하시라
malhasira		말하셔
malhasyeo		말하세요
malhaseyo		말하십시오
malhasipsio
Assertive 말하시겠다
malhasigetda		말하시겠어
malhasigesseo		말하시겠어요
malhasigesseoyo		말하시겠습니다
malhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 말하셔
malhasyeo		말하셔서
malhasyeoseo		말하시니
malhasini		말하시니까
malhasinikka
Contrast 말하시지만
malhasijiman		말하시는데
malhasineunde		말하시더니
malhasideoni
Conjunction 말하시고
malhasigo
Condition 말하시면
malhasimyeon		말하셔야
malhasyeoya
Motive 말하시려고
malhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 말하심
malhasim		말하시기
malhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 말하셨음
malhasyeosseum		말하셨기
malhasyeotgi
Determiners Past 말하신
malhasin
Present 말하시는
malhasineun
Future 말하실
malhasil
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