-ç

From Ottoman Turkish ـج‎ (-c), as a result of phonetic change from the combination of -in (reflexive suffix) and -iş (reciprocal suffix), hence it is often classified as one suffix as -ınç[1][2].

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

-ç

1. With the -in reflexive suffix, derives nouns from verbs.

   ‎öt- (“to pass through, to make noise, to ask”) + ‎-ün + ‎-ç → ‎ödünç (“loan, any thing borrowed”)

   ‎bas- (“to press, to step on”) + ‎-ın + ‎-ç → ‎basınç (“pressure”)

   ‎sev- (“to love”) + ‎-in + ‎-ç → ‎sevinç (“joy, happiness”)

2. Derives nouns from some verbs, where the reflexive form replaced the main form and the suffix -in has lost function.

   ‎inan- (“to believe”) + ‎-ç → ‎inanç (“belief, faith”)

   ‎utan- (“to be ashamed”) + ‎-ç → ‎utanç (“shame”)

3. With the -in reflexive suffix, derives adjectives from verbs, even though the verbs may not have reflexive forms.

   ‎kork- (“to fear, to be afraid”) + ‎-(un)ç → ‎korkunç (“frightening”)

   ‎gül- (“to smile, to laugh”) + ‎-(ün)ç → ‎gülünç (“funny, ridiculous”)