-ня

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьňa, from *-ьnъ +‎ *-ja.

Pronunciation
  • -ня: IPA(key): [nʲə]
  • -ня́: IPA(key): [ˈnʲa]

Suffix

-ня • (-nja) (paroxytone)

  1. forms nouns denoting the place where an occupation or office is performed
    ‎ко́локол (kólokol, “bell”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎колоко́льня (kolokólʹnja, “bell tower”)
    ‎печа́тать (pečátatʹ, “to print”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎печа́тня (pečátnja, “printing house”)
    ‎ве́чер (véčer, “evening”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎вече́рня (večérnja, “vespers”)
    ‎цирю́льник (cirjúlʹnik, “barber”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎цирю́льня (cirjúlʹnja, “barbershop”)
    ‎дегтя́рь (degtjárʹ, “tar worker”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎дегтя́рня (degtjárnja, “tar works, where tar is extracted”)
  2. (archaic) forms nouns denoting amassment
    1. forms nouns denoting material objects taking their shape from a particular application on them
    2. forms nouns for groups of people
      ‎сто (sto, “hundred”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎со́тня (sótnja, “a military unit of hundred”)
    3. forms nouns for groups of people
      ‎двор (dvor, “homestead, court”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎дво́рня (dvórnja, “servants”)

Declension
Declension of -ня (bian fem-form soft-stem accent-a reduc) 
singular plural
nominative -ня
-nja		 -ни
-ni
genitive -ни
-ni		 -ен
-en
dative -не
-ne		 -ням
-njam
accusative animate

inanimate		 -ню
-nju		 -ен
-en
-ни
-ni
instrumental -ней, -нею
-nej, -neju		 -нями
-njami
prepositional -не
-ne		 -нях
-njax

Suffix

ня́ • (njá) (oxytone)

  1. forms nouns denoting amassment
    1. forms nouns denoting an over-repetitive action
      ‎ре́зать (rézatʹ, “to cut”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎резня́ (reznjá, “massacre”)
      ‎шепта́ть (šeptátʹ, “to whisper”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎шепотня́ (šepotnjá, “whispering”)
    2. forms nouns denoting material objects taking their shape from a particular application on them
      ‎лы́жа (lýža, “ski”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎лыжня́ (lyžnjá, “ski trail”)
      ‎рука́ (ruká, “hand”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎ручня́ (ručnjá, “sheaf, fistful”)
      ‎голова́ (golová, “head”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎головня́ (golovnjá, “brand, piece of wood burnt till only the head is left”)
    3. (rude) forms nouns for groups of people
      ‎алка́ш (alkáš, “alkie”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎алкашня́ (alkašnjá, “alkies”)
      ‎ребя́та (rebjáta, “children”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎ребятня́ (rebjatnjá, “brats”)

Declension
Declension of -ня́ (bian fem-form soft-stem accent-b reduc) 
singular plural
nominative -ня́
-njá		 -ни́
-ní
genitive -ни́
-ní		 -не́й
-néj
dative -не́
-né		 -ня́м
-njám
accusative animate

inanimate		 -ню́
-njú		 -не́й
-néj
-ни́
-ní
instrumental -нёй, -нёю
-njój, -njóju		 -ня́ми
-njámi
prepositional -не́
-né		 -ня́х
-njáx

Derived terms
Russian terms suffixed with -ня

References
  • Kiparsky, Valentin (1975) Russische historische Grammatik. Band III: Entwicklung des Wortschatzes (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 242
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