-ilis

See also: ilis

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (“-le”, adjective-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /i.lis/, [ɪlʲɪs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.lis/, [ilis] (stressed on the antepenult)

Suffix

-ilis (neuter -ile, comparative -ilior, superlative -illimus or -ilissimus); third-declension two-termination suffix

  1. -ile; used to form an adjective noun of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.
    ‎agō (“to act”) + ‎-ilis → ‎agilis (“that may be acted”)
    ‎frangō (“to break”) + ‎-ilis → ‎fragilis (“that may be broken”)
  2. and sometimes to the perf. pass. part. stem:
    ‎sedeō (“to sit”) + ‎-ilis → ‎sessilis (“of sitting”)
    ‎pendeō (“to hang”) + ‎-ilis → ‎pensilis (“hanging”)
    ‎flectō (“to ply”) + ‎-ilis → ‎flexilis (“pliable”)
Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative -ilis -ile -ilēs -ilia
Genitive -ilis -ilium
Dative -ilī -ilibus
Accusative -ilem -ile -ilēs
-ilīs
-ilia
Ablative -ilī -ilibus
Vocative -ilis -ile -ilēs -ilia
Synonyms
Derived terms
Latin terms suffixed with -ilis
Descendants
  • Aromanian: -ilji
  • Catalan: -il
  • English: -ile
  • French: -ile
  • Italian: -ile
  • Portuguese: -il
  • Romanian: -il, -ie
  • Sicilian: -ili
  • Spanish: -il

Etymology 2

Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely (especially on r stems).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-īlis (neuter -īle); third-declension two-termination suffix

  1. -ile; used to form an adjective noun, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.
    ‎aedis (“building”) + ‎-ilis → ‎aedīlis (“of buildings”) (attested as substantive)
    ‎hostis (“enemy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎hostīlis (“of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile”)
    ‎puer (“boy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎puerīlis (“of boys, boyish, immature”)
    ‎erus (“master”) + ‎-ilis → ‎erīlis (“of the master”)
Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative -īlis -īle -īlēs -īlia
Genitive -īlis -īlium
Dative -īlī -īlibus
Accusative -īlem -īle -īlēs
-īlīs
-īlia
Ablative -īlī -īlibus
Vocative -īlis -īle -īlēs -īlia

See also

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