< Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/gadás

This Proto-Balto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to suit, to gather”). Isogloss with Proto-West Germanic *gad (“union”), *gadur (“together”).

Reconstruction notes

Modern descendants (in both Baltic and Slavic branches) happen to convey the meaning “year”. Inner comparison, however, seems to indicate primary semantics along the lines of “suitable, festive time” (attested in Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ), Polish god) or “gathering, matching” (attested in Bulgarian го́да (góda), годе́ж (godéž, “engagement”)). It is possible that Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás originally denoted some holiday or pagan tradition (cf. Slavic Koleda, Germanic Yule) honouring the end of the year, whence the modern sense.

The accent paradigm is reconstructed solely on the basis of Slavic.

Noun

*gadás m[1]

  1. (probably) suitable time or gathering, match

Inflection
Declension of *gadás (o-stem, mobile accent)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *gadás *gádōˀ *gadái(ˀ)
Accusative *gádan *gádōˀ *gádō(ˀ)ns
Genitive *gádā *gadā́u(ˀ) *gadṓn
Locative *gádai *gadā́u(ˀ) *gadáišu
Dative *gádōi *gadámā(ˀ) *gadámas
Instrumental *gádōˀ *gadámāˀ *gadṓis
Vocative *gáde *gádōˀ *gadái(ˀ)
  • *gōdas (“honour, acclaim”)
    • Latvian: gods

Descendants
  • East Baltic:
    • Latgalian: gods (“year”)
    • Latvian: gads (“year”)
  • West Baltic:
    • ⇒ Old Prussian: Gadix, Gadike (proper names)
  • Proto-Slavic: *godъ (“suitable, festive time; year”)

Further reading
  • “guodas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gȏdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172: “BSl. *godos, *gōdos”
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