Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ganskyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Possibly from earlier *kankskyos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱank-sḱ-, from *ḱank- (“branch”)[1].

Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʿax, “branch, twig”), Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā), Persian ‎ (šâx, “branch”).

Noun

*ganskyos m

branch, twig

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kankyos	*kankyou	*kankyoi
vocative	*kankye	*kankyou	*kankyūs
accusative	*kankyom	*kankyou	*kankyoms
genitive	*kankyī	*kankyous	*kankyom
dative	*kankyūi	*kankyobom	*kankyobos
locative	*kankyei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kankyū	*kankyobim	*kankyūis

Related terms

Descendants

Old Irish: gésca[2]
Gaulish: *ganskyos[3]
- → Vulgar Latin: *ganscius
  - Latin: gascheria, gascaria
    - Old French: gaschiere, gaskiere
      - Middle French: ghasquière, gasquiere, guachière
        French: jachère
  - Galician: gancho (“hook”); ganzo (“branch”)
  - Occitan: gànchou
  - Portuguese: gancho
  - Spanish: gancho
    - → Catalan: ganxo
    - → Italian: gancio
  - Venetian: ganzo
    - → Dalmatian: gȁnac
    - → Greek: γάντζος (gántzos)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: قانجه‎ (kanca, kance), قنجه‎ (kanca, kance)
      - Turkish: kanca
      - → Arabic: قَنْجَة‎ (qanja, “a kind of sailing boat of up to two masts used for housing and for pleasure-trips”), غَنْجَة‎ (ḡanja)
        → English: cangia
        → French: cange
        → Italian: cangia
        → Spanish: canja
      - → Armenian: խանճա (xanča)
      - → Aromanian: cánǧe, gánǧe
      - → Albanian: ganxhë, kanxhë
      - → Bulgarian: ка́нджа (kándža)
      - → Greek: γάντζα (gántza), κάντζα (kántza)
      - → Macedonian: канџа (kandža)
      - → Romanian: cange
      - → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: ка̑нџа
        Latin script: kȃndža

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 157
Strachan, John (1898), “The compensatory lengthening of vowels in Irish”, in Philological Society (Great Britain)‎, page 252: “gésca 'branch' = *cancscaio”
Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 798

Kahane, Henry R.; Kahane, Renée; Tietze, Andreas (1958) The Lingua Franca in the Levant: Turkish Nautical Terms of Italian and Greek Origin, Urbana: University of Illinois, pages 244–247

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[1] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 157

[2] Strachan, John (1898), “The compensatory lengthening of vowels in Irish”, in Philological Society (Great Britain)‎, page 252: “gésca 'branch' = *cancscaio”

[3] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 798