Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vottadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unclear. According to older theories, the word would be related to Northern Sami vuohttit, Komi-Zyrian [script needed] (ve̮tni̮), Northern Mansi [script needed] (wāt-) and Tundra Nenets [script needed] (wed́e-), suggesting it could come from Proto-Uralic *watta-, but this implies an irregular change of the initial vowel.
Koivulehto proposed that the word, through older *vont-ta-, is borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *wondʰ-éye- or its Pre-Germanic descendant, whence Proto-Germanic *wandijaną. The semantic development would be "to turn > turn towards oneself > take possession of" (cf. German wenden (“to turn”) > German entwenden (“to steal”), and possible parallels in older Germanic languages as well, such as Old Norse venda), with the older meaning surviving in the derived word *vot'in (“key”, literally “a tool which is turned”).[1]
Metsäranta (2020) raises the possibility that the root is actually two separate, originally unrelated roots. He also denies that the aforementioned Komi word (Komi-Zyrian [script needed] (ve̮tni̮)) is cognate with either, instead tracing it back to Proto-Uralic *wexe-.[2]
Inflection
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vot'an | *vot'ein | — | *vottagon |
| 2nd sing. | *vot'at | *vot'eit | *vot'ak | *vottagos |
| 3rd sing. | *vottabi *votta |
*vottei | *vottagasen | *vottagosen |
| 1st plur. | *vot'akmek *vot'akmak |
*votteimek *votteimak |
*vottagatemek *vottagatamak |
*vottagotemek *vottagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *vot'aktek *vot'aktak |
*votteidek *votteidak |
*vottagate *vottagata |
*vottagot'ek *vottagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *vottabat *votta |
*vottei | *vottagasen | *vottagosen |
| passive | *vot'aksen | *vottadisen *vot'attisen |
*vottadakahen *vot'attakahen |
*vottadakohen *vot'attakohen |
| connegative | *vot'ak | — | *vottagak | *vottagok |
| passive connegative | *vot'aktak | — | *vottadagak *vot'attagak |
*vottadagok *vot'attagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vot'akcin | *votteicin | *vottanen | |
| 2nd sing. | *vot'akcit | *votteicit | *vottanet | |
| 3rd sing. | *vot'akci | *votteici | *vottani | |
| 1st plur. | *vot'akcimek *vot'akcimak |
*votteicimek *votteicimak |
*vottanemek *vottanemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *vot'akcidek *vot'akcidak |
*votteicidek *votteicidak |
*vottanedek *vottanedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *vot'akci | *votteici | *vottani | |
| passive | *vottadakcihen *vot'at'akcihen |
*vottadicihen *vot'atticihen |
*vottadanehen *vot'attanehen | |
| connegative | *vot'akcik | *votteicik | *vottanek | |
| passive connegative | *vottadakcik *vot'at'akcik |
*vottadicik *vot'atticik |
*vottadanek *vot'attanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vottadak | present | *vottaba | *vottadapa *vot'attapa |
| infinitive 2 | *vottade- | past | *vottanut | *vottadu *vot'attu |
| gerund/supine | *vottama | |||
| action noun | *vottaminen | |||
Descendants
References
- Koivulehto http://www.sgr.fi/susa/92/koivulehto.pdf
- Metsäranta, Niklas. Periytyminen ja lainautuminen: Marin ja permiläisten kielten sanastontutkimusta (2020). University of Helsinki (Doctoral dissertation). pp. 241–243