Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þarbō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂, from *terp- (“to satisfy; to need”). The details of the semantic shift are uncertain. According to Kroonen, Germanic may have preserved an older sense “to use” which has not survived in the other branches.

Noun

*þarbō f

need

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *þarbō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þarbō	*þarbôz
vocative	*þarbō	*þarbôz
accusative	*þarbǭ	*þarbōz
genitive	*þarbōz	*þarbǫ̂
dative	*þarbōi	*þarbōmaz
instrumental	*þarbō	*þarbōmiz

Derived terms

*þarbāną

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þarbu
- Old English: þearf
- Old Saxon: tharf
  - Middle Low German: bedarf
    - → German: Bedarf
    - → Saterland Frisian: Bedarf
- Old High German: darba
Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /ūþarᵃβa/, genitive plural)
  - Old Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)
    - Icelandic: óþörf
    - Old Swedish: otharf
- Old Norse: þǫrf
  - Icelandic: þörf
  - Faroese: tørvur m, tarvur m
  - Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: tarv m or n
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: tarv f; torv f
  - Old Swedish: þarf
    - Swedish: tarv n, tarf (pre-1906 spelling)
  - Danish: tarv c or n
Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba)
→ Proto-Finnic: *tarbeh, *tarbis (see there for further descendants)

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