< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bitōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bitô (“piece, bit, chunk”) +‎ *-ōną[1], or of iterative origin.[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbi.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bitōną[1]

  1. to cut into bits
  2. to crunch, to gnash

Inflection
Conjugation of *bitōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bitō*bitǭ—*bitōi ?
2nd singular *bitōsi*bitōs*bitō*bitōsai*bitōsau
3rd singular *bitōþi*bitō*bitōþau*bitōþai*bitōþau
1st dual *bitōs*bitōw———
2nd dual *bitōþiz*bitōþiz*bitōþiz——
1st plural *bitōmaz*bitōm—*bitōnþai*bitōnþau
2nd plural *bitōþ*bitōþ*bitōþ*bitōnþai*bitōnþau
3rd plural *bitōnþi*bitōn*bitōnþau*bitōnþai*bitōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bitōdǭ*bitōdēdį̄
2nd singular *bitōdēz*bitōdēdīz
3rd singular *bitōdē*bitōdēdī
1st dual *bitōdēdū*bitōdēdīw
2nd dual *bitōdēdudiz*bitōdēdīdiz
1st plural *bitōdēdum*bitōdēdīm
2nd plural *bitōdēdud*bitōdēdīd
3rd plural *bitōdēdun*bitōdēdīn
present past
participles *bitōndz*bitōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *bitōn
    • Old English: *bitian
      • ⇒ Old English: gristbitian
    • Old High German: bizzōn
  • Old Norse: bita

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bitōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
  2. Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 198, *bit(t)ōn
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