< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drunjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą.
Per Vasmer, perhaps ultimately from imitative Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”); see also Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), English drone, Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈdrun.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *drunjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *drunjō | *drunjaų | — | *drunjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *drunisi | *drunjais | *druni | *drunjasai | *drunjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *druniþi | *drunjai | *drunjaþau | *drunjaþai | *drunjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *drunjōs | *drunjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *drunjaþiz | *drunjaiþiz | *drunjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *drunjamaz | *drunjaim | — | *drunjanþai | *drunjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *druniþ | *drunjaiþ | *druniþ | *drunjanþai | *drunjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *drunjanþi | *drunjain | *drunjanþau | *drunjanþai | *drunjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *drunidǭ | *drunidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *drunidēz | *drunidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *drunidē | *drunidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *drunidēdū | *drunidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *drunidēdudiz | *drunidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *drunidēdum | *drunidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *drunidēdud | *drunidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *drunidēdun | *drunidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *drunjandz | *drunidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дрязги”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “dreunen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 255-256
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*drunjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
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